Lab - DNA Flashcards
who discovered DNA through bandage of pus (WBC)
Friedrich Miescher
He investigated the structures of DNA. Discovered the first order of the three major component of a nucleotide
Phoebus Levene
created the Chargaff’s rule
Erwin Chargaff
He discovered the carbohydrate component of DNA and RNA (ribose)
Phoebus Levene
Discivered the correct way how DNA and RNA are put together
Phoebus Levene
What is the most prominent among the Chargaff’s rule?
The total amount of purines is equal to the total amount of pyrimidines
Levene proposed that nucleic acid is composed of a series of ___ and that each of these is composed of ___
nulceic acid is composed of a series of nucleotides and each nucleotides is composed of one of the four nitrigenous bases, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group
Proposed the double helix structure of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick
Who were the people behind the X-Ray crystallography that helped int he discovery of the 3D structure of the DNA
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
Mapping of human DNA
Human Genome Project (HGP)
When was HGP proposed?
How many years was it expected to complete?
How many years was it completed?
Im what years did it happen
1987
15 years
13 years
1990-2003
According to the HGP, about how many base pairs are in the human genome?
3 billion chemical base pairs
What made “personalized medicine” possible
the Human Genome Project, specifically by the knowledge provided by the patient’s whole genome sequence can provide information for the most appropriate and effective care
DNA is a macromolecule composed of…
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus
The basic structure of DNA is composed of what
nitrogenous base
pentose sugar (five carbon sugar)
phosphate group
True or False: Nucleic acid is a macromolecule that exist as dimers
False. It exist as polymers called polynucleotides
What are the monomers of nucleic acid called
Nucleotides- the building block
What structure is do nitrogenous bases attach and through what kind of bond
pentose sugar (five carbon sugar),
deoxyribose for DNA and ribose for RNA, through phosphodiester bond
Differentiate purines and pyrimidines
Purines- double ring composed of 9 carbons
Adenine, and Guanine
Pyrimidines- single ring
Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine
Difference of the pentose sugars of DNA and RNA
The C2 in DNA have a hydrogen atom (H)
The C2 in RNA have a hydroxyl group (OH)
Differentiate nucleoside and nucleotide
Nucleoside- nitrogenous base + pentose sugar
Nucleotide- nitrogenous base + pentose sugar + phosphate group
Which nitrogen atoms are covalently bonded to purines and pyrimidines, respectively?
N-9 (purines)
N-1 (pyrmidines)
Which is easier to cleave, AT or CG? Why?
AT because it only have 2 hydrogen bond, CG have 3 hydrogen bonds