lab/diagnostic interpretation Flashcards
glucose transport maximum
180 mcg/dl
leukocytosis def
> 11 wbc
neutrophils
pyogenic infections
~60%
lymphocytes
viral infections, TB
~22%
monocytes
TB, viral infections
~5%
eosinophils
parasitic infections, drug allergy, cocci
~2-4%
4 causes of leukocytosis
infection
steroids
cancer/leukemia
catastrophic event
left shift
release of bands and segs from bone marrow in presence of infection
bands go up, indicates infection
correlate w s/s of infection & pain
how to diff between leukocytosis d/t infection vs steroids
infections - left shift (neutrophils)
steroids - elevation in all counts
causes of glucosuria
fanconi’s syndrome
diabetes
cushing’s
causes of ketonuria
alcohol
DKA
starvation
nitroprusside test
tests for serum ketones
what are acute phase reactants?
proteins that increase in the plasma when you have inflammation
ESR (fibrinogen) & CRP (responds quickly)
haptoglobin
albumin - negative
functions of acute phase reactants
help the immune system
fight microbes
trap microbes in local blood clots
increase vascular permeability
PT
11-14 seconds
tissue factor pathway
time for fibrin clot to form
warfarin inconsistencies led to to INR
normal INR
0.8-1.2
below normal not of clear clinical significance
elevated INR due to
medications
deceased synthesis of clotting factors (liver disease, vit K deficiency)
increased consumption of clotting factors (sepsis/DIC)
PTT
25-40 seconds
no standardization
elevated in von willebrand, hemophilia, phospholipid antibodies, sepsis, DIC
fibrinogen
precursor to fibrin
200-400 mg/dl
high - acute phase reactant, pregnancy
low - liver failure, DIC
d dimer
fiber degradation product
present in clot, DIC, sepsis, malignancy, surgery, trauma, liver disease, pregnancy
