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Lab/diagnostic Findings Flashcards

0
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) Ab

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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1
Q

Anticentromere Ab

A

Scleroderma CREST

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2
Q

Anti-GBM Ab

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

Glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis

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3
Q

Anti-histone Ab

A 
Drug-induced SLE 
 HIPP
 Hydralazine
 Isoniazid
 Procainamide
 Phenytoin
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4
Q

Anti-IgG ab

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic inflammation
Joint pannus
Boutonniere deformity

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5
Q

Anti-mitochondrial Ab (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis
Female
Cholestasis
Portal hypertension

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6
Q

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab

ANCAs

A 
Vasculitis 
    C-ANCA : Wegener's
    P-ANCA : 
             Microscopic polyangiitis
             Churg-Strauss syndrome
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7
Q

Anti-nuclear Ab

ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)

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8
Q

Anti-platelet Ab

A

ITP

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9
Q

Anti-topoisomerase Ab

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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10
Q

Anti-GLIADIN
Anti-transglutaminase
Anti-endomysial Antibodies

A

Celiac disease
Diarrhea
Distention
Weight loss

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11
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal xray

A

Colorectal CA (usually LEFT sided)

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12
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

AUER rods

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) especially the promyelocytic (M3) type

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13
Q

“Bamboo spine” on xray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
(Chronic inflammatory arthritis
HLA B27)

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14
Q

Basophilic NUCLEAR remnants in RBCs due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen

A

HOWELL-JOLLY BODIES

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15
Q

Basophilic STIPPLING of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning

Sideroblastic anemia

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16
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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17
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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18
Q

Branching, gram-positive RODS with SULFUR granules

A

Actinomycetes israelii

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19
Q

Bronchogenic APICAL LUNG tumor

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause HORNER’s SYNDROME (PAM))

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20
Q

“Brown tumor” of bone

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of OSTEOLYTIC CYSTS

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

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21
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease

Trypanosoma cruzi

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22
Q

Cellular CRESCENTS in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic GN

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23
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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24
Q

Circular grouping of DARK TUMOR CELLS surrounding PALE NEUROFIBRILS

A

Homer Wright Rosettes
Neuroblastoma
Retinoblastoma
Medulloblastoma

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25
Q

Colonies of mucoid PSEUDOMONAS in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis

AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs

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26
Q

Degeneration of DORSAL COLUMN NERVES

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)

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27
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease

Basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, RESTING tremor, bradykinesia

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28
Q

Desquamated epithelium CASTS in sputum
Seen in BA
Can result in whorled mucus plugs

A

CURSCHMANN’s SPIRALS

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29
Q

Disarrayed GRANULOSA CELLS in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (GCT of ovary)

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30
Q

Dysplastic cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

KOILOCYTES

HPV: predisposes to cervical CA

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31
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

OWL’s EYE appearance of CMV

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32
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

ORPHAN ANNIE eye nuclei

Papillary CArcinoma of the thyroid

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33
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in LIVER CELL

A

Mallory bodies (alcohol liver disease)

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34
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion IN NERVE cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

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35
Q

Eosinophilic GLOBULE in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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36
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of HIPPOCAMPAL NERVE CELLS

A

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

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37
Q

Extracellular AMYLOID deposition in the GRAY matter of brain

A

Senile Plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)

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38
Q

Giant B CELLS with BILOBED nuclei with PROMINENT NUCLEOLI (“owl’s eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

39
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duvall bodies (yolk sac tumor)

40
Q

“Hair-on-end” (crew cut) appearance on xray

A

Beta-thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia
— due to marrow expansion

41
Q

HCG elevated

A

Hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
Choriocarcinoma
GTD

42
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (RF)

43
Q

Heterophile ANTIBODIES

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

44
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Seen in BA

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

45
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
DIC

46
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in MIDDLE or LOWER LUNG LOBES
(Can calcify)

A

GHON COMPLEX

Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli

47
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on xray

A

Interstitial Fibrosis

48
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A 
Megaloblastic anemia 
(B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms;
 folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
49
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

IDA
LEAD POISONING
THALASSEMIA (HbF sometimes present)

50
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

51
Q

INCREASED AFP in AF/maternal serum

A

Dating error
Anencephaly
Spina bifida (NTDs)

52
Q

Increased URIC ACID LEVELS

A

Gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Loop and thiazide diuretics

53
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

54
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

55
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes: immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosomal formation)

56
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on xray

A

Ulcerative colitis (due to loss of haustra)

57
Q

Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

58
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

59
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

PSGN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

60
Q

Lytic (“hole-punched”) bone lesions on xray

A

Multiple myeloma

61
Q

Mammary gland (“blue-domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

62
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein, usually IgG or IgA)
  2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
  3. Waldenstrom’s (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia
  4. Primary amyloidosis
63
Q

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

A

Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine) ),
Waldenstron’s macroglobulinemia (IgM)

64
Q

Mucin-filles cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

65
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

A

“String sign” (Crohn’s disease)

66
Q

Needle-shapes, negatively-birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

67
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

68
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

69
Q

“Onion-skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)

70
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

CODMAN’s TRIANGLE On xray:
Osteosarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
Pyogenic osteomyelitis

71
Q

Podocyte fusion on EM

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

72
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

73
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of TAU proteins

A

Neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer’s disease.
CJD

74
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies.

Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality

75
Q

Pseudo-palisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

76
Q

RBC CASTS in urine

A

Acuteglomerulonephritis

77
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke cells (Leydig cell tumor)

78
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

79
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)

80
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

81
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion iN AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii

82
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (“starry sky” appearance on histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
t(8:14) c-myc activation
Associated with EBV
“Black sky” made up of malignant cells

83
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

84
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane,

“Dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

85
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation
High ESR
Multiple myeloma

86
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells”

Gardnerella vaginalis

87
Q

Thrombi made of white/red. Layers

A

Lines of ZAHN
Arterial thrombus
Layers of platelets/RBCs

88
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral xray

A

Epiglotittis (H. Influenzae)

89
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

90
Q

“Tram-track” appearance on LM

A

Membranoproliferative GN

91
Q

Triglyceride accumulation on liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

92
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B-cell; affects the elderly)

93
Q

“Wire-loop” glomerular appearance on LM

A

Lupus nephropathy

94
Q

Yellow CSF

A

Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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