Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Rapid Review > Lab/diagnostic findings > Flashcards

Lab/diagnostic findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (e.g. hyralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis 9systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) hypertension

A

1’ biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antineutophil cytoplasmic antibiodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs; anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffue systemic scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic (M3) type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: s. pyogenes (group A); resistsant: S.agalactiae (group B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

“Boot’shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibros cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

“Chocolate cyste” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Horner-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medullobastoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibroisis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene leads to fat=soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalie (3’ syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

Pericardial tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), reprsents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Eosinophlic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

“Hair on end” (“Crew-cut”) appearnce on x-ray hCG elevated

A

B-thalassemic, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

46
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

47
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

48
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

49
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

50
Q

high leve of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

51
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (1’ TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

52
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

53
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVT’s and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

54
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency; no neurologic symptoms)

55
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)

56
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

57
Q

Incresaed AFP inamniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

58
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nylan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

59
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

60
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

61
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

62
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

63
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

64
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

65
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

66
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)

67
Q

Lytic (“punched-out”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

68
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cystq

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

69
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A

. Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
. Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
. Primary amyloidosis

70
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma)

71
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

72
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener; PR#-ANCA/c-ANCE) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

73
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively briefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

74
Q

Nodular hyadline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

75
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitivie: S. epidermidis; resistant: s.saprophyticus

76
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome

77
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcona (malignant small blue cell tumor)

78
Q

Optochin response

A

qSensitive: S. pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis)

79
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

80
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

81
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

82
Q

Protein aggregates inneurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

83
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

84
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

85
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

86
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

87
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

88
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure (e.g., ischemia or toxic injury)

89
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

90
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

91
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

92
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t(8:14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “starry sky” made up of malignant cells)

93
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progrerssive dementia; changes in personality)

94
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

95
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subipithelial deposits

A

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

96
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

97
Q

“Steeple” sign on CXR

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

98
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

99
Q

Streptoccus bovis bacteremia

A

Colon cancer

100
Q

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histocytosis)

101
Q

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

102
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

103
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

A

Epiglottis (Haemophilus influenzae)

104
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of the kidney

A

Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infection)

105
Q

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerula basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

106
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic metabolic syndrome)

107
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

108
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

109
Q

WBC that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

110
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

111
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Rapid Review (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions