Lab class 1 CVD preiction and pre-participation screening Flashcards
Name modifiable risk factors for CVD development
Inactivity BMI BP Cholesterol Smoking Alcohol intake Poor diet
Name non-modifiable risk factors for CVD development
Age
sex
ethnicity
family history
What does the outcome of the Framingham risk score shpw
Percentage chance of suffering CVD event over the next 10 years
Above what score on the Framingham risk score would a person require intensive risk factor modification?
> 20%
What 6 variables are used to calculate the Framingham risk score
Age BP (systolic) HDL Total cholesterol smoker? diabetes?
What are the 5 korakoff sounds
1) faint repetative tapping
2) sound fades
3) sound may become sharper again
4) muffled sound
5) absence of sound
Define: FEV1
FVC
FEV1:FVC ratio
and give the cut off points, below which readings are abnormal for age, sex and gender
forced expiratory volume in one second, <80% abnormal
forced vital capacity <80% abnormal
ratio of the two less than 0.7 abnormal
what are the limitations of the Framingam risk calculatir
developed during a time when CVD was at its peak so over-estimates european populations
not a very ethnically diverse study group, so for example underestimates risk of Asian people
Name some additonal variables used in the Q-risk 2 calculator
BMI deprivation score AF kidney disease RA Family history of premature death Ethnicity
Why is a deprivation score used in the Q-risk 2 calculation
risk of CVD varies depending on where you live
generally more deprived areas = higher risk
Why can you not use the Q-risk 2 calculator if you’re over 84
most of these people already have a greater than 20% risk of CVD
Why would the Q risk 2 score be more appropriate to use
developed in UK so more representative of UK population
Why is there a need to carry out exercise pre-participation screening?
single bouts of exercise increase the relative risk of sudden cardiac events
identify those who are at risk of these things happening and ensure they’re safe to exercise
compare the relative risk and absoloute risk of CV events during exercise and explain how this changes as level of activity increases
absoloute risk still very low
risk greatest for habitually inactive
risk decreases as habitual level of activity increases
What are the goals of the new ACSM guidelines on pre-participation screening
Identify those who should recieve medical clearance before exercise
identify those with clinically significant disease who may benefit from medically supervised exercise
identify people with conditions who require exclusion until symptoms resolve or are better controlled
What are the factors which determine if someone needs to go on the pre-exercise screening pathway
current level of PA
signs or symptoms of CVD, metabolic or renal disease
their desired intensity of PA
what were the problems with the previous over-rigorous screening process?
obsticle and deter participation
excessive physician refferal
generally exercise is safe for most people
what causes exercise induced events in: young people and people over 35
young = structural abnormalities old = CAD
What were the incidence rates for sudden cardiac death and cardiac arrests in marathon and half marathon runners, published by Kim et al 2012
- 2 cardiac arrests per 100 000
0. 14 SCD per 100 000
What is the purpose of the PAR-Q test
help people determine if they’re physically ready to undertake physical activity
series of questions relating to CVD symptoms
If yes is an answer then should consult Dr before exercise
what are the ACSM criteria for athletes being considered to be low, moderate and high risk
low = no diagnosed disease, no signs or symptoms <2 risk factors
moderate = 2 or more risk factors with no signs, symptoms or diagnosis
high = signs , symptoms or diagnosis
what are the guidelines for testing of high risk people
should undergo routine exercise testing
can be done by trained non-physician but physician needs to be available immediatly if needed
