Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Lab Bootcamp > Lab Bootcamp > Flashcards

Lab Bootcamp Flashcards

1
Q

normal BUN

A

7-20 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normal CO2

A

20-29 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

normal Cr

A

0.8-1.2 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

normal glucose

A

70-100 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal serum chloride

A

101-111 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

normal serum K+

A

3.5-5.1 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

normal serum Na+

A

136-144 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

panic values for sodium

A

<120 mEq/L or >160 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normal Na+ range

A

135-145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

s/sx of hyper/hyponatremia

A

weakness, brain swelling/shrinkage, lethargy, seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

common causes of hyponatremia

A

diarrhea
vomiting
CKD
CHF
diuretics
SIADH
Addison’s disease
SCC of lung
Pancreatitis
SSRI
Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms of hyponatremia

A

weakness, confusion, coma, lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

panic values K+

A

< 2.5 or >6.5 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of hypokalemia

A

Elevated WBC
Decreased intake (anorexia, starvation)
GI loss (diarrhea, vomiting, laxative abuse)
skin loss (exercise, burns)
renal loss (malignant HTN, renal tumor, Cushings syndrome, diuresis, antibiotic use, dialysis, Sjogrens)
Redistribution (tx of DKA, metabolic alkalosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hypokalemia s/sx

A

muscle weakness
ileus
hyporeflexia
flat T waves
prominent U waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of hyperkalemia

A

metabolic acidosis
tissue trauma
ACE-I/ARBs
NSAIDs
Addisons
Rhabdomyolysis
CKD/AKI
Decreased urine excretion (ESRD, ACE, spironolactone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

panic values chloride

A

<80 or >115 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

functions of chloride

A

works in acid base balance
major ECF anion
follows sodium to maintain electrical balance
when bicarb drops in metabolic acidosis –> Cl rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hyperchloremia s/sx

A

lethargy
Kussmal respirations
weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hypochloremia s/sx

A

excitability of muscle fibers
hypotension
shallow breathing
tetany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causes of hypochloremia

A

vomiting
gastric suctioning
burns
over hydration
SIADH
Chronic respiratory acidosis
DKA
CKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

normal Bicarb levels

A

23-30 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

panic value bicarb

A

<6 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

causes of decreased bicarb levels

A

diarrhea
starvation
DKA
shock
dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

causes of increased bicarb

A

vomiting
gastric suctioning
aldosteronism
COPD
metabolic alkalosis
compensated respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Panic value Cr

A

> 4 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is creatinine

A

protein by-product of muscle breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

causes of increased Cr

A

acute and chronic renal failure
decreased renal blood flow
dehydration
cefoxitin
muscle damage (rhabdo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

causes of decreased Cr

A

muscle wasting diseases (myasthenia graves, muscular dystrophy)
aging
malnutrition
amputation
lower in women 2/2 decreased muscle mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

potential complications of reduced GFR

A

anemia
blood pressure increased
calcium absorption decreases
dyslipidemia
HF
volume overload
hyperkalemia
hyperparathyroidism
hyperphosphatemia
LV hypertrophy
metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

normal eGFR

A

> 60 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

medications to be adjusted in CKD

A

antimicrobials (sulfa, PCN)
CV agents (digoxin)
analgesics (methadone, Demerol)
insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

drugs to avoid in CKD

A

tetracyclines
nitrofurantoin
spironolactone
ASA
lithium
NSAIDs
mag containing medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

normal BUN

A

10-20 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

panic value BUN

A

> 100 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is BUN

A

urea formed in liver from ammonia which is end product of protein metabolism; excreted by kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

causes of increased BUN

A

AKI/CKD
CHF
dehydration
GI bleed
acute MI
urinary tract obstruction
starvation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

causes of decreased BUN

A

liver failure
malnutrition
malabsorption syndromes
SIADH

39
Q

what does BUN:Cr ratio >20 suggest

A

dehydration

40
Q

GI bleed suggested by BUN:Cr ratio of what value

A

> 30 mg/dL

41
Q

glucose panic values

A

<50 or >400 mg/dL

42
Q

causes of increased glucose

A

infection
uncontrolled DM
bushings
stress
pancreatitis
corticosteroid therapy
thiazide diuretics

43
Q

causes of decreased glucose

A

insulin overdose
pancreatic cancer
addison’s
hypothyroidism
liver damage
malnutrition
sepsis

44
Q

normal urine pH

45
Q

normal RBC urine

A

<3 high power field

46
Q

acute presentations when you should consider UA

A

abdominal pain
back pain
painful or frequent urination
blood in the urine

47
Q

chronic conditions to monitor UA

A

HTN
CKD
DM
Liver disease

48
Q

UA protein level indicating proteinuria

A

> 150 mg/day

49
Q

what does leukocyte esterase + UA indicate

A

presence of whole or lysed WBC in urine

50
Q

what does nitrates in UA indicate

A

urinary nitrates reduced to nitrites by bacteria (gram - rods in sufficient number)

51
Q

UA dipstick findings suggestive of UTI

A

increased specific gravity
more alkaline pH
presence of nitrites
presence of bacteria
presence of leukocyte esterase
blood and protein urine testes

52
Q

normal WBC count

53
Q

normal RBC count

54
Q

polycythemia / erythrocytosis

A

increased RBC

55
Q

anemia

A

decreased RBC

56
Q

leukopenia

A

decreased WBC

57
Q

neutrophilia

A

increased neutrophil

58
Q

basophilia

A

increased basophils

59
Q

thrombocytosis

A

increased platelets

60
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

decreased platelets

61
Q

normal hemoglobin female vs male

A

F: 14 + or - 2 g/dL
M: 16 + or - 2 g/dL

62
Q

normal hematocrit female and male

A

F: 37-47%
M: 40-54%

63
Q

normal MCV

64
Q

what is MCV; what does it tell us

A

mean corpuscular volume
reports cell size - how big or small

65
Q

what is MCH and what does it tell us

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin
reports average weight of individual red cell

66
Q

causes of increased RBC

A

polycythemia
neonates
hypoxia
renal tumors

67
Q

causes of decreased RBC

A

bone marrow failure
hemolysis/hemorrhage
EPO deficiency
leukemia
pregnancy

68
Q

causes of decreased hgb

A

overhydration
iron/nutritional deficiencies
anemia
CKD
drug induced
hemorrhage

69
Q

causes of increased hemoglobin

A

dehydration
high altitude
heavy smoker/COPD
congenital heart disease
polycythemia

70
Q

causes of increased MCV

A

macrocytic anemia - folate deficiency, B12 deficiency
chemotherapy

71
Q

causes of decreased MCV

A

microcytic anemia- thalassemia, iron deficiency
lead toxicity

72
Q

what is RDW on CBC

A

red cell distribution - tells us about differences in sizes of the red cells

elevated in iron deficiency anemia and sickle cell

73
Q

anisocytosis

A

variable size of RBCs (high RDW)

74
Q

5 white cells on CBC w diff

A

neutrophils
lymphocytes
basophils
monocytes
eosinophils

75
Q

neutrophil function and normal range

A

phagocytosis

5-10,000 per microliter

76
Q

lymphocyte functions

A

immune response
antibodies
recognize and kill pathogens
stör information for future immune responses

77
Q

monocyte function

A

phagocytosis
participation in immunologic responses

78
Q

eosinophil function

A

respond to allergies and parasitic infections

79
Q

normal eosinophil range

80
Q

normal monocyte range

81
Q

basophil function

A

function similar to mast cells in allergic responses

82
Q

interpretations of increased neutrophils

A

acute bacterial infection
infammatory
toxic
hemorrhage or hemolysis
DKA
hematologic malignancies

83
Q

interpretations of deceased neutrophils

A

viral infection
overwhelming bacterial infection (body shuts down after a while in sepsis)
bone marrow failure
exposure to radiation
aplastic anemia
drug-induced

84
Q

interpretations of increased lymphocytes

A

acute viral infection
chronic infections
hematologic malignancies
connective tissue disorders
hyperthyroidism
splenomegaly

85
Q

interpretations of decreased monocytes

A

aplastic anemias

86
Q

interpretation of decreased eosinophils

A

aplastic anemia

87
Q

interpretations of increased monocytes

A

viral infection
hematologic malignancies
lipid storage disease

88
Q

interpretation of increased eosinphils

A

allergies/dermatological
parasitic
blood dycrasias
pernicious anemia

89
Q

average platelet lifespan

90
Q

normal range platelets

A

150,000 to 350,000 per mL of blood

91
Q

thrombocytosis

A

increased platelets

92
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

decreased platelets

93
Q

what does retic count tell us

A

tells us if erythropoiesis is effective

reticulocytes = immature RBCs

Lab Bootcamp (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions