lab assessment - labs 1 & 2

Question 1

Cell Wall

Answer 1

Rigid layer found immediately outside the plasma membrane, provides support and protection for the cell.

Question 2

Central Vacuole

Answer 2

membrane bound organelle in plant cells that functions in storage of water, enzymes, ions, pigments, proteins, and toxins, provides support to the cel through maintenance of turgor pressure.

Question 3

Chloroplast

Answer 3

a chlorophyll containing organelle where photosynthesis occurs, found in plants and algae.

Question 4

Chromoplast

Answer 4

plastid that contains pigments (carotenoids) giving colouration to flowers and fruits, making them attractive for pollination and seed dispersal respectively.

Question 5

Cilia

Answer 5

short cellular appendages that facilitate locomotion, or function to sweep fluid over the surface of the cell.

Question 6

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 6

a membrane bound organelle involved in osmoregulation in animal like protists.

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

fluid region of the cell contained within the plasma membrane containing cytosol, organelles, and cytoskeleton, created an environment for the processes of the cell.

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

network of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, includes microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

Question 9

Cytoskeleton - Microtubules

Answer 9

hollow protein filament that forms part of the cytoskeleton, responsible for structure and movement of cilia and flagella, cell organization and shape, composed of the protein tubulin.

Question 10

Cytoskeleton - Microfilaments

Answer 10

Thin type of protein filament that is part of cytoskeleton, important in cell strength, shape, and movement, composed of the protein actin.

Question 11

Flagella

Answer 11

long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion in some cells.

Question 12

Food Vacuole

Answer 12

vacuole present in animal like protists and come multicellular animals, contain food particles engulfed by cell.

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

organelle made up of flattened membrane bound compartments that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

Leucoplast

Answer 14

type of plastid that lacks pigment, different kinds of leucoplasts produce and store different macromolecules (starch, protein, or fat).

Question 15

Lysosome

Answer 15

small membrane bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest a cell’s food and wastes.

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

organelle that carries out cellular respiration and supplies most of cell’s ATP.

Question 17

Nucleoli

Answer 17

Prominent region in nucleus of non-dividing cells where ribosome subunit assembly occurs.

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

membrane bound organelle containing most of cell’s genetic material, controls cell function (by directing protein synthesis), site of DNA synthesis and RNA transcription.

Question 19

Plasma Membrane

Answer 19

selectively permeable membrane that separates a cell’s contents from the surrounding environment and regulate passage of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

a structure made up of rRNA and protein, found in the cytoplasm, that synthesizes a protein.

Question 21

Rough ER

Answer 21

part of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes, plays a key role in the initial synthesis and sorting of proteins for export.

Question 22

Smooth ER

Answer 22

endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes, functions in lipid synthesis and modification, detoxification of drugs and alcohol, Ca storage, and glycogen breakdown.

Question 23

Vesicle

Answer 23

a small, membrane bound structure found within eukaryotic cells. May contain macromolecules (proteins, lipids, etc.) for storage, transport, or secretion.