lab and listening Flashcards

Question

レポ---ト

Answer 1

term paper

Answer 2

supermarket

Answer 3

town, city

Answer 4

restaurant

Answer 5

part time job

Answer 6

part time job

Answer 7

term paper

Answer 8

rice, meal

Answer 9

supermarket

Answer 10

town, city

Answer 11

restaurant

Answer 12

50 + X = 5X 50 = 4x 12.5 = x

Answer 13

Double-stranded circular DNA in bacteria used for transformations of foreign DNA into bacterial cells covalently closed

Answer 14

No extrachromosomal DNA that's self-replicating

Answer 15

used to carry exogenous DNA from somewhere else and insert it into a host cell

Answer 16

vectors where a plasmid is used to carry the exogenous DNA, so it's transformed into recombinant DNA and introduced back into the cell

Answer 17

capable of taking exogenous DNA and have it inserted into their cells via transformation

Answer 18

capable of taking exogenous DNA and have it inserted into their cells through a transformation higher efficiency used to propagate and maintain cloned DNA in plasmids

Answer 19

exogenous DNA is taken into the new bacteria replaces a section on the plasmid (Lac Z)

Answer 20

thaw competent cells mix 2 uL sample and 50 uL competent cells keep on ice for 30 min heat shock 35 sec ice 2 min add LB incubate on shaker at 37 degree C for 1 hour plate on agar plate using sterile beads incubate 37 degree C overnight

Answer 21

42 degree C

Answer 22

you don't want to destroy your DNA or your cell you want to heat it enough so that the DNA can enter the cell, but not too long that your bacteria cells begin to die heat shock allows the DNA to enter through the membrane

Answer 23

antibiotic resistance transformed bacteria will be given an antibiotic resistance gene, so all non-transformed bacteria will die on the agar plate and the transformed bacteria will grow Amp plate for Amp resistance

Answer 24

hour counter (duration)

Answer 25

for one hour

Answer 26

when..., at the time of...

Answer 27

to meet, to see (a person)

Answer 28

there is...

Answer 29

to take (a picture)

Answer 30

to understand

Answer 31

there is... (living thing)

Answer 32

about (approximate measurement)

Answer 33

so, therefore

Answer 34

many, a lot

Answer 35

together with (a person), and

Answer 36

hello? (on the phone)

Answer 37

hour counter (duration)

Answer 38

for one hour

Answer 39

when..., at the time of...

Answer 40

to meet, to see (a person)

Answer 41

there is...

Answer 42

to take (a picture)

Answer 43

to understand

Answer 44

there is... (living thing)

Answer 45

about (approximate measurement)

Answer 46

so, therefore

Answer 47

many, a lot

Answer 48

together with (a person), and

Answer 49

hello? (on the phone)

Answer 50

enzymes in bacteria created as a defense mechanism to digest foreign DNA breaks DNA at a recognition sequence with 2 breaks (1 through backbone, 1 through double helix)

Answer 51

DNA-binding protein motif where restriction enzymes cut the DNA

Answer 52

enzyme on ice spin 30 sec add buffer, BSE, and enzyme to DNA and water spin 30 sec to mix 37 degree C water bath for 3 hours (or overnight)

Answer 53

use NE buffer to dissolve DNA add vector DNA and CIP continue on with the steps centrifuge 30 sec incubate 37 degree C for 1 hour purify using a gel (cut out bands, dissolve ,etc)

Answer 54

1:250 2:500 3:750 4:1000 4:996

Answer 55

near, nearby

Answer 56

near, nearby

Answer 57

Add LB and centrifuge in falcon tube discard supernatent resuspend pellet in p1 add p2 and mix by inversion add n3 and mix by inversion put in column tube and centrifuge discard supernatent add PE. centrifuge. discard supernatent spin empty change column to new microcentrifuge tube add elution buffer as close to the filter as possible without touching it let sit for 1 min. centrifuge. discard column

Answer 58

color indicator that shows optimum buffer mixing prevents errors that lead to inefficient cell lysis and incomplete precipitation of SDS, genomic DNA, and cell debris

Answer 59

removes RNA from genomic DNA

Answer 60

lysis buffer

Answer 61

creates all of the right binding conditions to the membrane

Answer 62

protein contamination in your sample DNA

Answer 63

if you go longer than 5 min, then you'll have more chromosomal DNA and it'll begin to denature the plasmid keeping it below 5 min allows for the release of plasmid DNA from the cell

Answer 64

1 uL for 200 uL 2 uL for 400 uL 3 uL for 600 uL 4 uL for 800 uL 5 uL for 1000 uL 995 uL of dH2O and 5 uL of DNA

Answer 65

separates DNA we want from all of the waste and other parts that we don't want (cell debris, RNA, proteins, etc) PB helps it bind to the filter When spun, everything we don't want goes through the filter and DNA binds to the filter PE is the wash buffer and it cleans off waste from DNA Elution buffer brings the DNA through the filter

Answer 66

when you use a gel made from agarose to separate DNA molecules using an electric current

Answer 67

agarose gel made from powder agarose and liquid buffer (TAE or TBE) placed in the gel chamber once solid, placed in the gel machine with the same liquid buffer (which is ion-rich) because phosphate groups on DNA have a net negative charge, DNA migrates to the anode (positive pole) pores in the agarose gel that are responsible for the way different sizes of DNA migrate through

Answer 68

goes in the 1st or last well contains different components of known different sizes when you run a gel, it looks like a ladder and can be used to compare your samples to

Answer 69

DNA stain that binds to DNA and absorbs UV light gives off orange visible light when placed on UV transilluminator

Answer 70

smaller fragments pores in the gel allow smaller fragments to get through easier than larger ones

Answer 71

makes DNA denser than the electrophoresis buffer can also contain dyes so that you can see the DNA after running the gel it will make the sample sit at the bottom of the wells

Answer 72

gives off UV light on the gel after running so that you can see your fluorescently-dyed DNA

Answer 73

the anode (red) because the phosphate groups are negative on the DNA

Answer 74

mixture of TRIS, EDTA, and glacial acetic acid TRIS - buffer that works between a pH of 7-9 EDTA - metal chelator that binds to metal ions that are a cofactor for DNase Glacial acetic acid - provides the proper ion concentration TAE should be used for separating large fragments, cloning, and DNA extraction from a gel allow nucleic acids to move through the agarose matrix

Answer 75

metal chelator that binds to metal ions like magnesium, which are required cofactor for DNase activity

Answer 76

holiday, day off, absence

Answer 77

I (used by men)

Answer 78

cold (weather)

Answer 79

interesting, funny

Answer 80

easy (problem), kind (person)

Answer 81

good-looking

Answer 82

frightening

Answer 83

holiday, day off, absence

Answer 84

I (used by men)

Answer 85

cold (weather)

Answer 86

interesting, funny

Answer 87

easy (problem), kind (person)

Answer 88

good-looking

Answer 89

frightening

Answer 90

technique to amplify a specific segment of DNA into many copies

Answer 91

denature - hot temp to separate DNA strands annealing - lower temp when primers attach to ssDNA elongation - when DNA polymerase creates 2nd strand

Answer 92

enzymes that helps amplify dna uses ssdna as a template to make complementary strand needs a primer

Answer 93

made of RNA and DNA bases first 2 bases always RNA synthesized by primase anneals to the ssDNA to create a 3' OH group for DNA polymerase to begin working

Answer 94

thermostable DNA polymerase lacks 3' to 5' exonuclease proofreading activity

Answer 95

to dislike

Answer 96

to dislike

Answer 97

beautiful, clean

Answer 98

healthy, energetic

Answer 99

beautiful, clean

Answer 100

healthy, energetic

Answer 101

to ride, to board

Answer 102

to do, to perform

Answer 103

to ride, to board

Answer 104

to do, to perform

Answer 105

it's okay not to worry everything is under control

Answer 106

what kind of...

Answer 107

counter for flat objects

Answer 108

it's okay everything is under control not to worry

Answer 109

what kind of...

Answer 110

counter for flat objects

Answer 111

catalyzed by DNA ligase involves covalently bonding 2 broken DNA fragments / strands

Answer 112

enzymes that catalyze forming bonds between 2 broken DNA fragments / strands

Answer 113

add T4 DNa ligase, T4 DNA ligase buffer, water, vector DNA, and insert DNA to a tube ligase goes last let incubate at room temp for 15 min

Answer 114

catalyzes phosphodiester bonds between either blunt or sticky ends

Answer 115

sets up binding conditions has ATP so ligase can function

Answer 116

taking DNA fragments from the band cut from the gel run and purify it so that the fragments can be used in the future cut out band you want put in microcentrifuge rube add 1mL QG buffer dissolve by putting in hot water bath transfer to spin column and centrifuge discard flow through add QG buffer again and centrifuge and discard flow through add PE buffer and centrifuge and discard flow through spin empty change outside of column to a clean microcentrifuge tube and add EB buffer let sit before centrifuging again

Answer 117

solubility of agarose used to dissolve the agarose from the gel helps with binding to the column membrane contains pH indicator (supposed to be yellow)

Answer 118

wash buffer to remove contaminants

Answer 119

elution buffer. anything bound to the membrane exits when spun down after using EB

Answer 120

increases the yield of DNA fragments add to PE and helps as part of the wash buffer

Answer 121

tells you if the pH is too high yellow = okay orange / darker color = pH too high

Answer 122

between 7.0 and 8.5

Answer 123

sequence of DNA that starts with the start codon and ends with a stop codon codes for a protein and is about 100 codon groups long

Answer 124

find the start codon

Answer 125

met (the start codon codes for it)

Answer 126

when you reach stop codon tell ribosomes that they've reached the end and to release the polypeptide chain created from the orf

Answer 127

compare your query sequence to sequenced dna from their online database important to compare because orf are conserved between proteins, so if your query sequence has an orf that's the same as another sample, you can use it to try to figure out the purpose of the protein coded from the orf (and shape and all that stuff)

Answer 128

mutant strand synthesis DNP1 treatment to remove any parental plasmids transformation using IPTG and X-gal

Answer 129

remove parental plasmid present after PCR parental strands are methylated and new plasmids are unmethylated

Answer 130

precipitate DNA fragment

Answer 131

TAA - CAA blue colonies, not white colonies beta galactoside activity is restored

Answer 132

ultra cold competent cells (even better competent cells)