Lab 9

Question 0

Colonies of bryozoans

Answer 0

1 cm - 1 m
Each is a zooid (person)
Living in a zooecium (apartment)
Part of the colony, zoarium (complex)

Question 1

Bryozoan

Answer 1

Ordovician - recent
Moss animals
Almost exclusive marine
Sessile and colonial
Very tiny, have to encrust

Question 2

Zooid

Answer 2

Each has lophophore
Bring phytoplankton in
Typically hermaphroditic

Question 3

Reproduction

Answer 3

Ovicell- swollen structure near parent to hold eggs

First zooid is ancestrula, first of many clones

Question 4

Heterozooids

Answer 4

Special functions within group
Reproduction
Support
Cleaning
Defense
Include vibracula (whip like) and avicularia (birds beak)

Question 5

Auto zooids

Answer 5

Feeding (regular ones)

Question 6

Facts

Answer 6

Most bryozoans colonies today are relatively flat and encrust hard substrates
In the Paleozoic, erect from a were the most common colony type

Question 7

Monticules

Answer 7

Bumps/depressions
Rise above the surface of the rest of the colony
Like a chimney, water flows through the system. Won’t show in hard skeleton

Question 8

Stenolaemata

Answer 8

Ordovician - recent
Marine
Calcified zooaria
Zooids are cylindrical and elongate and grow throughout life
No opercula

Question 9

Trepostomata

Answer 9

Ord - Triassic
Stony
Long circular to polygonal tubes

Question 10

Fenestrida

Answer 10

Ordovician - Permian
“window”
common one is Archimedes

Question 11

Cyclostomata

Answer 11

Ord - recent
Zooecia are tubular
Almost extinct at Cretaceous

Question 12

Gymnolaemata

Answer 12

Ord - recent
Marine
Most living
No skeletons, no polymorphs
Flat encrusting

Question 13

Cheilostomata

Answer 13

Jurassic - recent
Calcareous box like
Hinged operculum
Most diverse group
High level of specialized zooid