Lab 8A Flashcards by J L

Frontal sinus
• Drained by ____ sinus
• ____ & ____ artery
• ____ nerve

frontonasal
supraorbital
anterior ethmoidal
supraorbital

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Sphenoid (paranasal) sinus

Drains into ____ via apertures on sphenoethmoidal recess directly above choana
____ nerve

nasal

posterior ethmoidal

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Sphenopalatine artery

____ terminal branch
Lateral/posterior nasal septum &
under palatine tonisls
Posterior septal branches → ____ (common nose bleed site)

maxillary

kiesselbach’s area

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Greater and Lesser Palatine N/V

• Artery: Maxillary→\_\_\_\_→
– Ascends incisive canal to nose
– G: Inferior nasal meatus, hard palate, palatal gingiva 
– L: \_\_\_\_
• Nerve: \_\_\_\_→palatine→

infraorbital
soft palate
V2

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Greater Palatine Canal

Greater Palatine Nerve (____/palatine)
____ to palate
____ Block – Can paralyze extraocular m

V2
pterygopalatine fossa
maxillary

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Maxillary Nerve (V2)

Enters pterygopalatine fossa via ____
____, Infraorbital, ____

rotundum
zygomatic
palatine

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Pterygomandibular Ganglion

Associated w main trunk of ____ (maxillary)
Supply ____ of palate & nasal glands
Branches to ____ gland

V2
mucosa
lacrimal

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Infraorbital Nerve / Artery

____ Branch
Inferior labial, nasal, inferior palpebral, posterior & middle superior alveolar
Referred dental pain due to ____ infection

maxillary sinus

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Nasopalatine nerves
• ____ → palatine →
• Through ____ canal via vomer groove

incisive

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Incisive canal
• Nasopalatine (V2) goes through (after passing obliquely across septum)
• Maxillary Local infiltration: target ____

primary palate

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Nasal Septum
• \_\_\_\_
• \_\_\_\_
• \_\_\_\_
• \_\_\_\_

vomer
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
septal cartilage
sphenoid crest

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Inferior Meatus
• ____ transfers ____ from lacrimal sac to inferior meatus of nasal cavity
• ____ artery

nasolacrimal duct
tears
greater palatine

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Sphenoethmoidal recess
• Opening for ____
• Posterior and superior to superior concha

sphenoid sinus

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Ostium of Nasolacrimal Duct

Carries tears from ____ to nasal cavity
Into ____

lacrimal sac

inferior nasal meatus

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Frontonasal Duct

____ sinus → ____ of semilunar hiatus
Into ____ nasal meatus

frontal
infundibulum
middle

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Ethmoidal bulla

Superior border of middle meatus ____
Contain middle ____ cells

semilunar hiatus

ethmoidal

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Uncinate Process

Ethmoid that forms part of ____ sinus
Articulates w ____ nasal concha
____ border of middle meatus semilunar hiatus

maxillary
inferior
inferior

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Hiatus Semilunaris

Inferior to ethmoidal bulla
Openings for ____, maxillar, ____ sinus

• Boundary:
– Unicinate (inf/ant)
– Bulla (sup)
– Inf Nasal Concha (post)

frontal

anterior ethmoidal

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Ifundibulum

____ superior end of semilunar hiatus
____ drains frontal sinus here

frontonasal duct

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Ostium of maxillary sinus

• Drains into ____

middle meatus

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Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

• Vasculature:
– ECA → ____ → palatine
– ECA → ____ → ascending palatine
– ECA → ____ → pharyngeal

ascending pharyngeal
facial
maxillary

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Torus tubarius

Base of auditory tube
____ stretches from lower part
____ stretches from superior border

salpingopharyngeal fold

salpingopalatine fold

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Pharyngeal recess

• Deep recess behind ostium of ____

auditory tube

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Adenoids

Pharyngeal tonsils
Enlarged = interfere with ____ breathing & impacts ____

nasal

salivation

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Salpingopharyngeal fold * ____ muscle of pharynx * CN ____ through pharyngeal plexus

vertical | X

Levator veli palatini • Eliminates ____ • ____ → ____ Pharyngeal branches Ipsilateral paralysis = asymmetry in ____

reflux X SVE palatal elevation

Tensor veli palatini • ____ equalizer • CN ____ ____ branch

Pressure V3 muscular

Pterygoid hamulus • Attachment of ____ • ____ wraps around to insert on ____

pterygomandibular raphe TVP soft palate

Buccopharyngeal fascia | • Outer fascia of ____ wall

pharyngeal

Prevertebral fascia | • Invests ____ muscles

prevertebral

Retropharyngeal space | • Between ____ fascia & posterior aspect of ____

prevertebral | pharynx

Palatopharyngeal fold • Posterior pillar of ____ • ____ pharyngeal msucle • CN ____ through pharyngeal plexus

oropharyngeal isthmus vertical X

Palatoglossal fold * Pushes ____ into isthmus * Anterior (lateral) pillar of ____ * CN ____ via pharyngeal plexus

food oropharyngeal isthmus X

Pterygomandibular raphe | • ____ and ____ insertion

buccinator | superior constrictor

Soft palate Involuntary: elevate/tense against posterolateral pharyngeal walls to prevent ____ ``` • CN X ____ – CN V3 (TVP) = ____ deviation • CN VII ____ taste • CN IX ____ tonsilar branch ``` * ECA → ____ * ECA → ____ → ascending palatine * ECA → ____ → dorsal lingual * ECA → ____ → Lesser palatine * Retropharyngeal lymphatic drainage

``` nasal reflux SVE contralateral SVA GSA ascending pharyngeal facial lingual maxillary ```

Uvula • Can cause ____ • CN ____ • CN ____ lesion → ____ deviation

sleep apnea X V3 contralateral

Choana (posterior nares) Nasal cavity / ____ continuous

nasopharynx

Epiglottis * Depressed from pressure of tongue and bolus so that food does not enter ____ * FUN FACT: Infants can ____ and ____ simultaneously due to soft palate & epiglottis relationship

laryngeal inlet breath swallow

Valleculae * Filled w bolus after squeezing thru pillars of fauces * Between ____ and ____ * Can ____ if bolus does not move

lingual tonsil epiglottis asphyxiate

Lingual Tonsil * Lymphoid nodules in the root of the tongue * Part of ____ * MALT: ____ * ECA → ____ → dorsal lingual * ECA → ____ → tonsilar

waldeyer ring mucosa assocaited lymphoid tissue lingual facial

Palatine Tonsil * Between pillars of fauces on loose CT covering superior pharyngeal constrictor * Part of ____ * ____ * ____: epithelium invaginations to increase SA * ____: calcified stones * ____: enlarged * Must remove when kissing * Interfere with deglutition • Drain into ____ (____ Node)

waldeyer's ring MALT tonsilar crypts tonsoliths tonsillitis jugulodigastric sentinel

Oropharyngeal isthmus (isthmus of the fauces) Bounded by “pillars” - ____ - ____

palatoglossal | palatopharyngeal

Lingual Nerve * ____ ____ branch (filiform ____) * Joined by ____ (VII) * Mandibular nerve block = ____ & tongue * Superior to ____

``` V3 GSA anterior 2/3 chorda tympani lateral aspect CN XII ```

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) * Passes through ____ gap * Tonsilar branch: ____ to palatine tonsil, fauces, soft palate * Lingual branches – ____ & ____ taste – ____ 1/3 root of tongue

``` superior/middle constrictor GSA GSA SVA posterior ```

Stylopharyngeus * ____ muscle * Only muscle innervated by CN ____ (3rd PA) * Passes through ____ gap * ECA → ____

vertical IX superior/middle constrictor ascending pharyngeal

Genioglossus * ____ of the tongue * ____ → underside tongue & hyoid body * CN ____ * Lesion = ____ * ECA → ____

``` protrusion superior mental spine XII ipsilateral lingual ```

``` Hyoglossus • ____ & ____ the tongue • ____ → side of tongue • CN ____ • Lateral (S→I): – ____ nerve – ____ duct – CN ____ ``` • Medial: – ____ artery – CN ____

``` depress retract hyoid lingual submandibular XII lingual IX ```

``` Geniohyoid • ____ & ____ of mandible • ____ • ____ → hyoid • ____ (via CN XII) • ECA → ____ ```

``` depression retrusion suprahyoid inferior mental spine C1 lingual ```

``` Anterior belly of Digastric • ____ & ____ of mandible • ____ • CN ____ • ECA → ____ → Muscular • ____ → tendon (hyoid bone) ```

``` depression retrusion suprahyoid V3 occipital digastric fossa ```

Mylohyoid * ____ of mandible – diaphragm of oral floor * CN ____ * ECA → ____ → sublingual * ____ line → body of hyoid

depression V3 lingual mylohyoid

Superior, Middle, Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictors ``` • Circular muscles • CN ____ through pharyngeal plexus • ____ transmit NVB & muscles • Superior inserts on ____ ```

X gaps pterygomandibular raphe

Thyropharyngeal & Cricopharyngeus constrictors • Crico: “____” immediately superior to esophagus to ____ for swallowing • ____: due to increased intraluminal pharyngeal pressure from failure of relaxation - ruptures & releases food into soft tissue of neck

sphincter relax zenker's diverticulum

Cricoid cartilage ``` • Anterior to ____ • Median cricothyroid ligament: anteriorly to ____ • Oval facets: – superiorly to ____ – ____ to inferior horns of thyroid ```

C6 thyroid arytenoid posteriolaterally

Laryngeal prominence Adam’s Apple on ____ Cartilage - ____ meet anteriorly

thyroid | lamina

Median glossoepiglottic fold • ____ surface of epiglottis • Separates ____

anterior/lingual | valleculae

Aryepiglottic fold | • Margins of ____

laryngeal inlet (aditus)

Piriform recess • Bounded medially by ____ fold, laterally by ____ cartilage & ____ membrane • Food gets stuck

aryepiglottic thyroid thyrohyoid

Laryngeal vestibule • Outer (epiglottis) & inner doorway • ____ if food stuck in here

cough

Vestibular (false vocal) folds • Not ____ • Can add additional ____ • Protects ____ from food

muscle tone larynx

True vocal folds * ____ ligament + ____ + ____ * Rima Glottis: ____ interval Abductors: deep ____ Adductors: ____, ____

``` vocal ligament vocalis thyroarytenoid adjustable inspiration phonation swallowing ```

Laryngeal ventricle • Sinus of the larynx = space in between vestibular and vocal folds • Lateral outpouching of ____ larynx

transglottic

Vocal process of Arytenoid cartilage • Posterior attachment of ____

vocal ligaments

Cricothyroid muscle * Tense & ____ vocal folds * CN X → ____ (____) * ECA → ____ → crycothyroid Endangered by ligation of ____ artery > ____ speech

``` elongates superior laryngeal external superior thyroid monotone ```

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve • CN ____ • Pierces ____ membrane • Mucosal sensory of ____ larynx – ____ in laryngeal vestibule

X lateral thyrohyoid supraglottic cough

Superior Laryngeal branch of Superior Thyroid Artery • Pierces ____ membrane • ECA → ____ → superior laryngeal • Upper ____

lateral thyrohyoid superior thyroid larynx