Lab 8 Flashcards
What classes are under the phylum cnidaria (jellyfish, sea anemones, hydroids)?
- Hydrozoa
- Scyphozoa
- Anthozoa
What class are Hydra, obelia, and physalia in?
Class Hydrozoa
What class is Aurelia in?
Class Scyphozoa
What are some general characteristics of animals?
Multicellular=specialization of cell functions Eukaryotic no cell walls radial or bilateral symmetry heterotrophic
Phylum Porifer (sponges) are considered the \_\_\_\_\_\_ form of animal.
Simplest
Phylum Porifera (sponges) What does Cellular level organization mean?
Why can it do this?
cells can interact with each other and perform a specific function, but also can survive separate.
because it has no tissues= muscles or nerves
Phylum Porifera (sponges) What are the bodies composed of?
Protist-like amoeboid cells (mostly for digestion and flagellated choanocytes.
Phylum Porifera (sponges) Most lack \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which means they are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Symmetry (asymmetric)
Phylum Porifera (Sponges) Spicules/spongin (collagen fibers)=
provide strength to sponge body, used in classification.
How does the water flow through a sponge?
Dermal ostia–> incurrent canal–> porocyte (prospopyles)–>radial canal–> (food–>choanocytes–>amoebocyte)–>spongocoel–>osculum
Phylum Porifera
What do choanocytes to?
What does the food pass through?
flitter and trap food; create a current for water flow
goes through the ameoba site
Define Calcarea
How are they classified?
class of Porifera three-four pronged spicules made of calcium carbonate.
classified by there shape
Define Hexactinellida
How are they classified?
- six-prong spicules made of silica (glass)
- most symmetrical class
- vase, urn or cup shaped
By chemical and shape
Define Demosphongiae
What majority of sponges are demosphongiae?
Sometimes have spicules-never have six-prong spicules-spicules made of silica
95%
How do the sponges range in complexity?
Class Calcarea (it cant be very complex because of its shape.
Class Hexactinellida (can be simple or complex)
Class Demosphongiae (most complex 95% of all sponges)
What is it called when the shrimp are in the sponge?
Euplectella
How do sponges reproduce asexually?
Asexually
- budding- new sponge off of base of parent
- Gemmules-Asexual reproduction of freshwater sponge
What is a gemmule?
Balls of amoebocytes, spongin-like material and spicules
What do Parental sponges do in the winter?
disintegrate but the gemmules can withstand freezing and develop into mature sponges in the spring.
How do sponges reproduce sexually?
Hermaphroditic(can not mate by itself)
- sperm are released into water, taken up by choanocytes of other individual
- sperm are then transported to eggs inside sponge for fertilization
- embryos are released to water
What types of animals are phyluum Cnidaria?
Sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, hydroids
What kind of level of organizaiton do cnidaria have?
this means…
Tissue level organization=have muscles and nerves, but no organs.
What kind of symmetric do Cnidaria have?
radially symmetric
phylum Cnidaria
Define Diploblastic development
two germ layers as EMBRYO
- endoderm (inner layer=gastrodermis, for digestion)
- Ectoderm: (outer layer= epidermis, for protection
Phylum Cnidaria
What is the layer between the epidermis and gastrodermis?
jelly-like mesoglea
What are the two body forms of cnidaria?
- polyp: sessile
- medusa: free swimming
(one is usually dominant over the other)
Phylum Cnidaria
What are the stinging cells called?
cnidocytes=suspension feeders
Define polymorphic life cycle
alternation of forms=polyp/medusa
What is the dominant form of a hydrozoa?
polyp. but most have a medusa stage as well
Define Hydra=
freshwater group- does not have a medusa form, atypical for this class
what does an obelia have on each side of it?
Gastrozooid=feeding
gonozooid=asexual reproduction(baby medusae inside)
In the class Hydrozoa a physalia is not a true jelly fish, why not?
multiple organisms called polyps and made of a pneumatophore and tentacles
In the Class Scyphozoa what body form is dominant
the scyphozoa has 4 _______.
What do the tentacles do?
medusa
gonads
sense light and dark
What are the four Aurelia life stages?
- Planula larva
- Scyphistoma
- Ephyra
- Medusa
What form is a Anthozoa expressed in?
What do the Oral tentacles do?
What is the septum?
polyp
sweep in food
Inward extension of gastrodermis and mesoglea
Class Anthozoa may have what kind of a skeleton?
The corals can be
calcium carbonate
Colonial
What classes are in the phylum Porifera (Sponges)?
- Calcarea
- Hexactinellida
- Demospongiae
