Lab 8

Question 1

What classes are under the phylum cnidaria (jellyfish, sea anemones, hydroids)?

Answer 1

1. Hydrozoa
2. Scyphozoa
3. Anthozoa

Question 2

What class are Hydra, obelia, and physalia in?

Answer 2

Class Hydrozoa

Question 3

What class is Aurelia in?

Answer 3

Class Scyphozoa

Question 4

What are some general characteristics of animals?

Answer 4

Multicellular=specialization of cell functions
Eukaryotic 
no cell walls
radial or bilateral symmetry 
heterotrophic

Question 5

Phylum Porifer (sponges)
are considered the \_\_\_\_\_\_ form of animal.

Answer 5

Simplest

Question 6

Phylum Porifera (sponges)
What does Cellular level organization mean?

Why can it do this?

Answer 6

cells can interact with each other and perform a specific function, but also can survive separate.

because it has no tissues= muscles or nerves

Question 7

Phylum Porifera (sponges)
What are the bodies composed of?

Answer 7

Protist-like amoeboid cells (mostly for digestion and flagellated choanocytes.

Question 8

Phylum Porifera (sponges)
Most lack \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which means they are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_?

Answer 8

Symmetry (asymmetric)

Question 9

Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Spicules/spongin (collagen fibers)=

Answer 9

provide strength to sponge body, used in classification.

Question 10

How does the water flow through a sponge?

Answer 10

Dermal ostia–> incurrent canal–> porocyte (prospopyles)–>radial canal–> (food–>choanocytes–>amoebocyte)–>spongocoel–>osculum

Question 11

Phylum Porifera
What do choanocytes to?

What does the food pass through?

Answer 11

flitter and trap food; create a current for water flow

goes through the ameoba site

Question 12

Define Calcarea

How are they classified?

Answer 12

class of Porifera 
three-four pronged spicules made of calcium carbonate.

classified by there shape

Question 13

Define Hexactinellida

How are they classified?

Answer 13

• six-prong spicules made of silica (glass)
• most symmetrical class
• vase, urn or cup shaped

By chemical and shape

Question 14

Define Demosphongiae

What majority of sponges are demosphongiae?

Answer 14

Sometimes have spicules-never have six-prong spicules-spicules made of silica

95%

Question 15

How do the sponges range in complexity?

Answer 15

Class Calcarea (it cant be very complex because of its shape.

Class Hexactinellida (can be simple or complex)

Class Demosphongiae (most complex 95% of all sponges)

Question 16

What is it called when the shrimp are in the sponge?

Answer 16

Euplectella

Question 17

How do sponges reproduce asexually?

Answer 17

Asexually

• budding- new sponge off of base of parent
• Gemmules-Asexual reproduction of freshwater sponge

Question 18

What is a gemmule?

Answer 18

Balls of amoebocytes, spongin-like material and spicules

Question 19

What do Parental sponges do in the winter?

Answer 19

disintegrate but the gemmules can withstand freezing and develop into mature sponges in the spring.

Question 20

How do sponges reproduce sexually?

Answer 20

Hermaphroditic(can not mate by itself)

• sperm are released into water, taken up by choanocytes of other individual
• sperm are then transported to eggs inside sponge for fertilization
• embryos are released to water

Question 21

What types of animals are phyluum Cnidaria?

Answer 21

Sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, hydroids

Question 22

What kind of level of organizaiton do cnidaria have?

this means…

Answer 22

Tissue level organization=have muscles and nerves, but no organs.

Question 23

What kind of symmetric do Cnidaria have?

Answer 23

radially symmetric

Question 24

phylum Cnidaria

Define Diploblastic development

Answer 24

two germ layers as EMBRYO

1. endoderm (inner layer=gastrodermis, for digestion)
2. Ectoderm: (outer layer= epidermis, for protection

Question 25

Phylum Cnidaria

What is the layer between the epidermis and gastrodermis?

Answer 25

jelly-like mesoglea

Question 26

What are the two body forms of cnidaria?

Answer 26

1. polyp: sessile
2. medusa: free swimming
   (one is usually dominant over the other)

Question 27

Phylum Cnidaria

What are the stinging cells called?

Answer 27

cnidocytes=suspension feeders

Question 28

Define polymorphic life cycle

Answer 28

alternation of forms=polyp/medusa

Question 29

What is the dominant form of a hydrozoa?

Answer 29

polyp. but most have a medusa stage as well

Question 30

Define Hydra=

Answer 30

freshwater group- does not have a medusa form, atypical for this class

Question 31

what does an obelia have on each side of it?

Answer 31

Gastrozooid=feeding

gonozooid=asexual reproduction(baby medusae inside)

Question 32

In the class Hydrozoa a physalia is not a true jelly fish, why not?

Answer 32

multiple organisms called polyps and made of a pneumatophore and tentacles

Question 33

In the Class Scyphozoa what body form is dominant

the scyphozoa has 4 _______.

What do the tentacles do?

Answer 33

medusa

gonads

sense light and dark

Question 34

What are the four Aurelia life stages?

Answer 34

1. Planula larva
2. Scyphistoma
3. Ephyra
4. Medusa

Question 35

What form is a Anthozoa expressed in?

What do the Oral tentacles do?

What is the septum?

Answer 35

polyp

sweep in food

Inward extension of gastrodermis and mesoglea

Question 36

Class Anthozoa may have what kind of a skeleton?

The corals can be

Answer 36

calcium carbonate

Colonial

Question 37

What classes are in the phylum Porifera (Sponges)?

Answer 37

1. Calcarea
2. Hexactinellida
3. Demospongiae