Lab Flashcards
What is another word for bryophyte
Non vascular plant
What is another term for seedless vascular plants
Ferns and fern friends
How many species of plants are there
280000 species
What did land plants evolve from
A certain green algae called charophyceans
Which kind of plants were the 1st to inhabit the earth
Bryophytes were the earths only plants for the 1st 100 million years that terrestrial communities existed
Plants became taller with the evolution of what
Vascular tissue
What 3 things do all land plants have and what makes them true
Roots
Stem
Leaves
It is true because they have vascular tissue
Do bryophytes have vascular tissue
No
What are the molecules called that land plants produce
Secondary compounds
Why are secondary compounds called that
They are products of secondary metabolic pathways
What is produced in primary pathways
Lipids and carbohydrates
Give 3 examples of secondary compounds
Alkaloids, terpenes, tannins,phenolics
How many groups of plants are there
4 Bryophytes Seedless vascular plants Gymnosperm Angiosperms
What are the most common types of bryophytes
Mosses
Name the 2 kinds of seedless vascular plants
Lycophtya and pterophyta
What are are what group do pines and conifers being to
Gymnosperms
Which group do flowering plants belong to
Angiosperm
Which group do mosses belong to
Bryophytes
Which group does lycophta belong to
Seedless vascular plants
What group do pterophyta. Belong to
Seedless vascular plants
What stage are bryophytes dominated by
Gametophyte stage
Are sporophytes found a lot in the bryophyte stage
No they are smaller and only present in part of the life cycle
How are gametophytes formed in bryophytes
Bryophyte spores germinate in favorable environments and grow into gametophytes though mitosis
what process creates gametophytes in bryophytes
Mitosis
Describe a gametophyte in bryophytes
A mass of green branched one celled thick filaments called protonemata
What do bryophyte gametophytes produce?
Flagellated sperm
Where are the flagellated sperm produced in gametophytes
In the antheridia and the archegonia
Describe the shape and size of bryophytes
They grow low to the ground and at most are only a few cells thick
Where do bryophyte sporophytes grow from ?
The grow out of the archegonia they are the smallest and simplest of all extinct plants
What is the function of stomata
Small pores that allow gas movement
What contains stomata in bryophytes
Horn wart and moss sporophytes
What are bryophytes anchored by
Rhizoids
Are rhizoids the same as roots ?
No!!! They are composed of tissues and they lack specialized conducting cells . They do not play a large role in water and mineral absorption
What do bryophytes depend on for fertilization
Water
When the plant is covered is covered with a thin coating of water where do the sperm swim to ?
They swim towards the archegonia
After the Sperm swim into the archegonia what happens
They fertilize the eggs
Name the 3 phyla of bryophytes
Hepatophyta
Anthocerophyta
Bryophyta
Name an example of hepatophyta and give a characteristic
Liverwort simplest sporophyte and consist of a short stalk
Give an example of anthocerophyta and describe characteristic
Hornworts , the sporophytes resemble grass blades and have a waxy cuticle
Give an example of the phylum Bryophyta and describe a characteristic
Mosses . They Are most closely related to vascular plants
Describe the habitat of most bryophytes
Common and diverse in moist forests and wetlands . Some can inhabit harsh temperatures
What is a peat bog
Wet regions dominated by sphagnum or peat moss
What are the phyla of seedless vascular plants
Lycophta and pterophyta
Seedless vascular plants are dominated by what life stage
Sporophyte
Where are gametophytes located on seedless vascular plants
Tiny plants that grow on or below the soil surface
How many types of tissue do vascular plants have and what are their names
2, xylem and phloem
Name the function of xylem
Xylem conducts most of the water and minerals and includes dead cells called trachieds
Describe the function of phloem
Consists of living cells and distributes sugars, amino acids and other organic products
What are the function of roots on vascular plants
They are the organs that anchor vascular plants they allow the plant to absorb water and nutrients from the soil
What are the function of leaves on vascular plants
They increase the surface area and allow for more photosynthesis
What are the 2 varieties of leaves
Microphylls and nacrophylls
Define sporophylls
Modified leaves with sporangia
Are most seedless plants homosporous or heterosporous
Homosporous , they produce one spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte
What are the 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants
Lycophyta and pterophyta
Give 3 examples of lycophyta
Club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts
Give 3 examples of pterophyta
Ferns , horsetails, and whisk ferns
