Lab 7 Biotech

Question 1

Biotechnology

Answer 1

The use of organisms or their components to make or modify products

Question 2

Traditional Biotechnology

Answer 2

Selective plant and animal breeding and the use of yeast in fermentation to produce cheese bread beer and wine

Question 3

Modern biotechnology

Answer 3

Manipulation of DNA sequences in genes and the transfer of genes between organisms

Question 4

Advances in biotechnology in the fields of

Answer 4

Forensics, medicine, agriculture, pollution control, evolutionary biotech

Question 5

DNA is …

Answer 5

• A double stranded molecule
• Composed of NITROGENOUS BASE, DEOXYRIBOSE, and PHOSPHATE BACKBONE (negative charge)
• nucleotides are held together by covalent bonds
• hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 6

DNA Extraction

Answer 6

Accomplished by lysing

Question 7

Saline Solution

Answer 7

Isotonic to the solution inside the cheek cell so the cell doesn’t burst and release the cell prior to collection
The Solution carry a positive charge that neutralizes the negotiate charge on the DNA

Question 8

Lyses Solution

Answer 8

Destroys the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane by disrupting the bonds of the lipids and protines

Question 9

Alcohol Solution

Answer 9

DNA is insoluble in alcohol so it precipitates out of Solution into alcohol

Question 10

Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR

Answer 10

Process that rapidly makes identical copies of DNA sequences

Question 11

4 ingredients required in PCR

Answer 11

• DNA extract
• Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates dNTP
• Primers initiation
• DNA polymerase (taq) elongates

Question 12

3 steps in PCR

Answer 12

Denaturation
Anneal primers
Extended primers

Question 13

Denaturation

Answer 13

Heat is added to separate strands

Question 14

Anneal Primers

Answer 14

Cool so that primers can bond to a single strands of DNA

Question 15

Extended Primers

Answer 15

Heat to allow DNA polymerase to add dNDPs to the end of the primers

Question 16

At what rate is the DNA being made

Answer 16

Exponentially billions within hours

Question 17

Restriction fragment analysis

Answer 17

Enables an indirect comparison of nucleotide sequences in different amplified DNA samples through the use of restriction enzymes which cut DNA within specific recognition sequences/ restriction sites

Question 18

Restriction fragments

Answer 18

Resulting lengths of DNA

Question 19

Steps in restriction fragmentation analysis

Answer 19

Restriction Digest

Gel electrophoresis

Question 20

Restriction digest

Answer 20

A restriction enzyme is added to the PCR product and the Solution is put in an incubator.
The enzyme cuts DNA Into specific fragment sizes and numbers

Question 21

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 21

Separate restriction fragments into ordered groups based on size differences

Question 22

What charge does DNA have

Answer 22

Negative

Question 23

What stain did we use in the lab

Answer 23

Fast blast

Question 24

What allowed the DNA to move

Answer 24

Porous

Question 25

Principles of obtaining DNA

Answer 25

Biological samples are collected
DNA is extracted
Differences in nucleotide sequences between the samples are determined

Question 26

Recombinant DNA

Answer 26

DNA from two different sources is combined into one molecule

Question 27

Why is Recombinant DNA engendered

Answer 27

Engineered to facilitate the manufacture of numerous medically and agriculturally important proteins

Question 28

GMO or Transgenic organizm

Answer 28

An organism that acquired genes through an artificial process

Question 29

Name a type of enzyme

Answer 29

EcoR1

Question 30

The principe of gel electrophoresis is based on the negative charge of the —– and the differences in —– of the DNA fragments.

Answer 30

DNA , sizes

Question 31

—– fragments travel further in the gel

Answer 31

Smaller

Question 32

—— fragments don’t travel far in the gel

Answer 32

Larger

Question 33

Why do they submerged the gel in a salt bath

Answer 33

Conducts electricity

Question 34

Restriction enzymes are used in

Answer 34

Paternity testing, recombinant DNA production