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A&P I > Lab > Flashcards

Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the function

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3
Q

Gross anatomy

A

What we can see (I.e. trunk, extremities, head)

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4
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

What we can’t see (I.e. cells, atoms, tissue)

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5
Q

Regional

A

Head and abdomen

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6
Q

Surface

A

Skin

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7
Q

Systemic

A 
11 systems of the human body
Nervous
Skeletal
Muscular
Digestive
Urinary
Respiratory
Lymphatic (works with immune)
Immune
Integumentary 
Endocrine
Reproductive
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8
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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9
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue

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10
Q

Homeostasis

A

The stable internal environment. To survive every organism must maintain homeostasis.

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11
Q

Anatomical position

A

Medical terminology; The body standing legs together, arms down by side, palms faced outward.

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12
Q

Superior/ Inferior

A

Above
-The knee is superior to the foot

Below
-The hand is inferior to the head

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13
Q

Anterior (Ventral)/ Posterior (Dorsal)

A

Front
-The lungs are anterior (ventral)

Back
-The spinal cord is posterior (dorsal)

Dorsal/ventral refers to body cavities

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14
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the outside/ away from the midline

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15
Q

Medical

A

Toward the middle

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16
Q

Proximal

A

Near

Used when speaking on joints

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17
Q

Distal

A

Far

Used when speaking on joints

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18
Q

Superficial

A

Skin level

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19
Q

Deep

A

Muscle level

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20
Q

The spine has 24 vertebrae

A 
7 cervical (neck)
12 thoracic (torso)
5 lumbar (lower back)
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21
Q

Pleural

A

Of the lungs

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22
Q

Viscera

A

Organs

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23
Q

Diaphragm

A

Large muscle below thoracic (under lungs) cavity used when breathing

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24
Q

Name the three planes

A

Frontal (coronal)
Transverse
Sagittal

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25
Q

Front/ Coronal Plane

A

Split front and back

Anterior/ Posterior

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26
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Across the middle

Superior/ Inferior

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27
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Split long ways down the middle

(Left and right halves)

Mid-sagittal (inner)
Peri-sagittal (outer)

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28
Q

Oblique

A

At an angle

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29
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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30
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

31
Q

Mental

A

Chin

32
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

Vertebra 1-7 (C1-C7)

33
Q

Sternal

A

Breast bone

34
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest/ upper spine

Next 12 vertebrae (T1-T12)

35
Q

A I’ll art

A

Armpit

36
Q

Brachial

A

Arm (shoulder to elbow)

37
Q

Antebrachial

A

Lower arm (forearm)

38
Q

Carpel

A

Wrist

39
Q

Palmar

A

Hand

40
Q

Gluteal

A

Booty

41
Q

Inguinal

A

Crease between pelvis and thigh

v lines

42
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

43
Q

Patellar

A

Knee cap

44
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

45
Q

Crural

A

Shin

46
Q

Sural

A

Calf

47
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

48
Q

Plantar

A

Bottom of foot/ sole

49
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A 
Cranial cavity (brain)
Vertebral cavity (vertebrae)
50
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Thoracic cavity

  • pleural cavity (lungs)
  • mediastinum (open cavity top middle)
  • pericardial cavity (heart)

Abdominopelvic cavity

  • abdominal cavity (liver, stomach, spleen)
  • pelvic cavity (reproductive organs)
51
Q

Parts of a microscope (9 total)

A

Ocular lens (normal lens mag of 10)
Rotating nose piece (turn style of lenses)
Objective lenses
-4x (40 mag): scanning, largest FOV, starting point
-10x (100 mag): low power
-40x (400 mag): high power
Arm (backbone)
Base (where light sits, bottom)
Stage (where slides sit)
Coarse and fine adjustment knobs (large knob used to focus)
Condenser (just under stage, focuses light)
Iris diaphragm (small lever on bottom of condenser, controls amount of light let in)
Light/ lamp (light source on base, under condenser)

52
Q

pH scale

A

Gauges substances acid vs base
0-14 (0 most acidic, 7 is neutral, and 14 most basic)

Acids have more hydrogen ions, more hydrogen more acidity. They are also proton donors.

Bases are proton acceptors as they have very little hydrogen ions

53
Q

What is the human bodies pH?

A

7.35- 7.45

54
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Fxn: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception

Avascular

Skin, cheek

55
Q

Epithelial tissues to know (6 total)

A 
Simple squamous- lung
Simple cuboidal- kidney
Simple columnar- intestine
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar (cilia)- trachea
Stratified squamous- skin and vagina
Transitional- urinary bladder
56
Q

Connective tissue

A

Most abundant

Fxn: protect, support, and bind other tissues of body

Composed of many types of cells in an extracellular matrix

57
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Noncellular, non-living material between cells

I.e. fibers and ground substance (collagen, elastic, reticular)

58
Q

Connective tissues to know (11 total)

A

Areolar loose connective- fibrous, under skin tissue (areolar tissue)
Reticular- see above (spleen)
Adipose loose connective-fat, soap bubble shape (adipose tissue)
Dense regular connective- tendons, ribbon shape
Dense irregular connective- dermal layer, swirly shape
Dense elastic connective- able to be stretched (aorta)
Hyaline cartilage (joint or trachea)
Fibrous cartilage- cushions between vertebrae and joints (articular disk)
Elastic cartilage (ear, nose)
Bone-osseous tissue, connects whole body, tree trunk shape (bone)
Blood- only fluid connective, little dot shaped (blood)

59
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Fxn: produce body movements, move substances through body, control size of certain organs

60
Q

Muscle tissue to know(3 total)

A

Skeletal- muscle, stripy look
Cardiac- heart, v shaped
Smooth- smooth muscle, smooth look

61
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Two cell types: neurons and neuroglia
Blob with tail shape

Neuron fxn: communication, regulation (excitable cells that transmit electrical impulses)

Neuroglia fxn: protect, support, insulate neurons (do not transmit electrical signal)

62
Q

Apical

A

Surface tissue

63
Q

Basal (basalar)

A

Deep tissue

64
Q

Simple

A

1 layer (simple squamous)

65
Q

Squamous

A

Flat cells

66
Q

Cuboidal

A

Cube shaped cells

67
Q

Columnar

A

Column shaped cells

68
Q

Psuedostratified

A

Kinda layered cells

69
Q

Transitional epithelial

A

Stacked cube shaped cells

70
Q

Protein

A

Creates cell structure, buffers for acids and bases in body, cell transport

71
Q

Exocyotsis

A

Leaving the cell

72
Q

ATP

A

Carbohydrates and oxygen give us 32 ATP that store in mitochondria, it is energy for constantly working organs

73
Q

Centrioles, cytoskeleton, desmosomes

A

Structure or skeleton of cells

Desmosomes are like guide wires spread across the cell to hold up the cell walls from inside

A&P I (1 decks)

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