Lab 6 - Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the divisions and structures of the respiratory system?
- Upper respiratory tract
- Lower respiratory tract
- Conducting zone
- Respiratory zone
What is the epithelial lining of the respiratory structures?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the conducting zone, simple squamous epithelium in the respiratory zone
What are the histological structures of the respiratory system?
- Alveoli
- Bronchioles
- Trachea
- Pleura
List the structures of the lungs.
- Alveoli
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Pleura
- Lobes
Trace the pathway of oxygen into your lungs.
Nasal cavity → Pharynx → Larynx → Primary Bronchi → Secondary Bronchi → Tertiary Bronchi → Smaller Bronchi → Bronchioles → Terminal Bronchioles → Respiratory Bronchioles → Alveolar Ducts → Alveolar Sacs → Alveoli → Alveolus
What are the four processes of respiration?
- Pulmonary ventilation
- External respiration
- Transport of gases
- Internal respiration
Describe the mechanics of pulmonary ventilation.
Inhalation involves diaphragm contraction and rib cage expansion; exhalation involves diaphragm relaxation and rib cage contraction
What are respiratory volumes and capacities?
- Tidal volume
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Expiratory reserve volume
- Vital capacity
- Total lung capacity
Define respiratory volumes.
Measurements of air exchanged during breathing
Define respiratory capacities.
Sum of two or more respiratory volumes
Compare and contrast obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disorders.
Obstructive disorders: difficulty exhaling (e.g., asthma, COPD); restrictive disorders: difficulty inhaling (e.g., pulmonary fibrosis)
What is the purpose of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system?
Maintains pH balance in the blood by regulating carbon dioxide and bicarbonate levels
Describe the effects of hyperventilation on the acid-base balance of blood.
Leads to respiratory alkalosis due to decreased carbon dioxide levels
Describe the effects of hypoventilation on the acid-base balance of blood.
Leads to respiratory acidosis due to increased carbon dioxide levels
Identify structures of the fetal pig.
- Larynx
- Thyroid Cartilage
- Trachea
- Apical Bronchus
- Left & Right Primary Bronchi
- Lungs
- Heart
How does fetal pig anatomy compare to human anatomy?
Similar respiratory structures but differences in size and development stage. Fetal Pig Lung Lobes, Right = 4 & Left = 3. Human Lung Lobes Right = 3 & Left = 3
