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Bio 212 Exam 2 > Lab 6 General Skeletal System > Flashcards

Lab 6 General Skeletal System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Name the 6 general shapes of bones in the skeleton and give examples of each.

A

Long (bones of appendages ie femur/humerus), short (cube like bones ie carpals), flat (cranial skull bones ie parietal, scapula, or ribs), sesamoid bones (sesame seed shaped ie patella), sutural (bones embedded inbtwn sutures ie cracks in skull), and irregular bones (variable in shape ie vertabrae, coccyx, sacrum, etc)

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1
Q

The human skeleton is made up of approximately _____ bones. The skeleton can be divided up into two main divisions which are ____& ______, which contain (#) bones and (#) bones.

A

206; axial (80 bones); appendicular (126 bones)

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2
Q

The middle section of a long bone, contains a compact bone with hollow center

A

Diaphysis

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3
Q

End of the long bone furthest from the body

A

Distal epiphysis

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4
Q

End of the long bone closest to the body

A

Proximal epiphysis

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5
Q

The hyaline cartilage plate in long bones that separates the epiphyses from the diaphyses

A

Epiphyseal plate (line)

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6
Q

Central cavity of the long bone

A

Medullary cavity

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7
Q

The outer casing of a long bone

A

Compact bone

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8
Q

In a long bone, this has red marrow and is also where RBCs are made

A

Spongy bone

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9
Q

This is between two bones, and keeps them from grinding together

A

Articular cartilage

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10
Q

The membrane around the outside of the long bone that brings in the blood supply

A

Periosteum

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11
Q

Membrane on the inside of the long bone which contains the osteoprogenetor cells

A

Endosteum

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12
Q

Where most fat cells reside in the long bone

A

Yellow marrow

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13
Q

This makes RBCs, platelets, and most WBCs

A

Red bone marrow

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14
Q

The two types of osseous tissues

A

Compact and spongy bone

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15
Q

Name differences btwn the compact and spongy bone

A

Compact: highly organized osteons (that provide strength to our bones)
Spongy: honeycomb-like structure (allows it to transmit weight, to form cavities for bone marrow, and to be lightweight).

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16
Q

Hw are spongy and compact similar?

A

Both are produced by osteoblasts

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17
Q

Osteons make up a _____

A

Compact bone

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18
Q

Rings that form around the haversian canal of the osteon

A

Concentric lamellae

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19
Q

Two methods of bone growth

A

Interstitial & Appositional

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20
Q

Which method of bone growth increases the bone organ in length?

A

Interstitial

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21
Q

Which method of bone growth increases the bone organ in width?

A

Appositional

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22
Q

Which bone growth method is actually the result of the division of cartilage cells?

A

Interstitial

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23
Q

Which bone growth method occurs just deep to the periosteum?

A

Appositional

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24
Q

______ break down the bone on the inside, and those minerals are pulled by ______ to build in the inside.

A

Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

25
Q

Tuberosity

A

A large rounded projection

26
Q

Crest

A

A narrow (sharp) prominent bony ridge

27
Q

Trochanter

A

Large, blunt irregular shaped processes

28
Q

Fovea

A

A pit, used for attachment

29
Q

Line

A

A narrow ridge of bone

30
Q

Tubercle

A

A nodule or small rounded process

31
Q

Epicondyle

A

Raised projection on or above a condyle

32
Q

Spine

A

A slender, pointed projection

33
Q

Head

A

Larger end of the bone

34
Q

Facet

A

A smooth, nearly flat articular surface

35
Q

Condyle

A

A rounded articular projection

36
Q

Ramus

A

A projecting part or elongated bar of bone

37
Q

Fossa

A

A shallow, basin-like depression

38
Q

Meatus

A

A canal

39
Q

Sinus

A

A cavity within a bone

40
Q

Sulcus

A

A groove

41
Q

Fissure

A

A narrow, slit-like opening

42
Q

Foramen

A

A hole

43
Q

What three types of connective tissue are derived from Mesenchyme?

A

CT proper, Cartilage, Osseous Tissue

44
Q

Growth of bone or cartilage due to the addition of bony matrix or cartilage to the outer surface (just under periosteum)

A

Appositional growth

45
Q

Little canals that connect lacunae and osteoctyes to eachother

A

Canaliculi

46
Q

Immature cartilage cells (responsible for matrix production)

A

Chondroblast

47
Q

Mature cartilage cell (usually trapped in lacunae)

A

Chondrocyte

48
Q

Canal lined with endosteum to supply blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve to bone

A

Haversian canal

49
Q

Enlargement of cells

A

Hypertrophy

50
Q

Cartilage growth due to mitosis of chondrocytes (may occur along epiphyseal plate of long bone to increase bone length)

A

Interstitial growth

51
Q

A small cavity (often houses cartilage or bone cells)

A

Lacunae

52
Q

Concentric rings or tubes of the bone matrix

A

(Concentric) lamellae

53
Q

Embryonic CT cell (gives rise to all other CT)

A

Mesenchymal cell

54
Q

Process of bone formation

A

Ossification

55
Q

Immature, matrix producing bone cell

A

Osteoblast

56
Q

Cells that act to reabsorb or breakdown bone tissue

A

Osteoclasts

57
Q

Mature bone cell (usually trapped w/in lacunae)

A

Osteocyte

58
Q

The functional and structural unit of compact bone. They consist of tiny structural pillars made of concentric rings or tubes of bone

A

Osteon

59
Q

Tiny needle-like bits of bone (connect to form traneculae)

A

Spicules of bone

60
Q

A thick, fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding the entire external surface of bone, with the exception of the articular surface

A

Periosteum

61
Q

A cellular membrane lining the spicules, trabeculae, canals, and medullary cavity of bone

A

Endosteum

Bio 212 Exam 2 (3 decks)

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