Lab 6 - Biodiversity III Flashcards
Ribbonfishes - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Ribbonfishes
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Lampriomorpha; Order Lampriformes; Family Trachipteridae
HIGHLY PROTRUSIBLE MOUTH ie premax AND MAXILLA; elongate; dorsal fin runs the full length of the fish
BC; SW
What are the characteristics of Order Lampriformes and fishes does this order include?
Order Lampriformes includes opahs and ribbonfishes
A small off-shore marine group with 7 families and about 21 species, two of which occur in Canadian Pacific waters and one of which (the opah) also occurs in Atlantic Canada
Without spines and with a highly protrusible mouth – both the PREMAXILLA & MAXILLA are PROTRUSIBLE
Trout-perches - class; superorder; order; family; genus; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Trout-perches
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Percopsiformes; Family Percopsidae
Genus Percopsis omiscomaycus
Last group with ADIPOSE FIN; have PRIMITIVE (adipose fin) and DERIVED (ctenoid scales; physoclistous swimbladder; true spines; protrusible premaxilla) traits; small parr marks on sides
N. America, widespread in Canada; only NE corner of BC; FW
What are characteristics that define order Gadiformes and what fishes are found within this order?
Including cods and their allies, order Gadiformes are characterised by the following:
- pelvic fins inserted below or in front of pectorals ie thoracic/jugular positioning
- no true spines in fins
- most with long dorsal and anal fins: usually 2 dorsal fins where the 2nd is elongate, OR 3 dorsal fins in some groups; usually 1 anal fin which is elongate, but some groups have 2
- scales are cycloid
- commonly have a SINGLE chin BARBEL
What Canadian Pacific/fresh water species are found in the family Gadidae and family Merlucciidae?
- burbot/freshwater ling, Lota lota
- Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus
- Pacific tomcod, **Microgadus proximus **
- walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma
- Pacific hake/whiting, Merluccius productus
Burbot/freshwater ling - class; superorder; order; family; species; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Burbot/freshwater ling
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Gadiformes; family Gadidae
Genus Lota lota
ELONGATE ANAL & 2nd DORSAL FINS; chin barbel present; ONLY TRULY FW SPECIES IN FAMILY GADIDAE
Holarctic; Widespread in Canadian lakes including BC; FW
Pacific cod - class; superorder; order; family; species; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Pacific cod
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Gadiformes; family Gadidae
Species Gadus macrocephalus
1st anal originates UNDER 2nd dorsal fin; chin barbel relatively long, >= eye diameter
Both sides of North Pacific; BC; SW
Pacific tomcod - class; superorder; order; family; species; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Pacific tomcod
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Gadiformes; family Gadidae
Species Microgadus proximus
1st anal fin originates UNDER BACK of 1st dorsal fin; chin barbel relatively SMALL, =< eye diameter; small Gadid only reaching ~30cm in length
Eastern N. Pacific; BC; SW
Walleye pollock - class; superorder; order; family; species; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Walleye pollock
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Gadiformes; family Gadidae
Species Theragra chalcogramma
NO Chin barbel, small if present; LOWER JAW PROJECTS SLIGHTLY BEYOND UPPER JAW; 1st anal fin originates RIGHT UNDER 2nd dorsal fin
Coasts of N. Pacific, usually offshore; BC; SW Major commercial species in Pacific northwest
What characteristics and fishes are found in family Merlucciidae?
Including hakes and whitings, family Merlucciidae are found in Atlantic, eastern Pacific and SW Indian ocean.
Two dorsal fins with the 2nd DORSAL fin NOTCHED, resembling three dorsal fins NO CHIN BARBEL
Pacific hake/whiting - class; superorder; order; family; species; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Pacific hake/whiting
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Gadiformes; family Merlucciidae
Species Merluccius productus
NOTCHED 2nd DORSAL & ANAL FINS; 2 dorsal and 1 anal fin; NO CHIN BARBEL; supraterminal mouth
Eastern Pacific, Atlantic; BC; SW
Pacific flatnose - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Pacific flatnose
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Gadiformes; family Moridae
WELL-DEVELOPED SHELF-LIKE RIDGE along snout and projecting below each eye
Canadian Pacific; BC; SW
Granadiers, rattails - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Granadiers, rattails
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; Order Gadiformes; Family Macrouridae
Second dorsal and anal fins CONFLUENT with tail which taper to a SHARP POINT; chin barbel usually present
Marine deep-water, Arctic to Antarctic, Canadian Pacific; BC; SW
What are the characteristics of Order Ophidiiformes?
Anterior insertion of pelvic fins, with one or two soft rays in each and occasionally a spine
Base of dorsal and anal find often EXTENDING to and CONFLUENT WITH THE CAUDAL FIN
Typically marine, bottom dwellers
Cusk-eels and brotulas - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Cusk-eels and brotulas
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Ophidiiformes; family Ophidiidae
CONFLUENT & EXTENDED DORSAL AND ANAL FINS, but with DISTINCT CAUDAL FIN that is separated from the dorsal and anal fins; VERY SMALL THREAD-LIKE PELVIC FINS that are found under the gill cavity which are nearly joined
Warmer seas and great depths, one spps in BC; SW/FW in Cuba
What are characteristics of order Batrachoidiformes?
Bodies are STOUT ANTERIORLY with DEPRESSED HEAD
Scales are absent or ctenoid and embedded
Gill openings are small and only 3 gill arches
Spinous dorsal fin is small with 2-4 spines; DORSAL is SOFT RAYED & LONG as is the ANAL FIN which differentiates them from family Cottidae, sculpins
Pelvic fins are THORACIC w one spine and 2-3 rays
Toadfishes, midshipman - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Toadfishes, midshipman
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Batrachoidiformes; family Batrachoididae
3 gill arches; SOFT DORSAL FIN RAYS; NUMEROUS & ELABORATE PHOTOPHORES on ventral side; gasbladder specialised to hum
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific; 1 spps in BC; SW/FW some
What fishes are found in order Lophiiformes and what are the defining characteristics?
Order Lophiiformes include all anglerfishes 1st ray of spinous dorsal, if present on head is transformed into an ILLICIUM (line) and ESCA (bait) to attract prey
Most are deep sea fishes, some associated with coral reefs
Whipnose anglers - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Whipnose anglers
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Lophiiformes; family Gigantactinidae
VERY RARE; very LONG ILLICIUM w ESCA that can be specifically shaped and regenerate; highly toothed, large mouth
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific; BC; SW
Dreamers - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Dreamers
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Lophiiformes; family Oneirodidae
Body is STOUT, OVAL or GLOBULAR; pelvic fin ABSENT; mouth is large with sharp depressible teeth; rayed dorsal and anal fins are short and placed far back on the body directed backwards; usually with scales and black; males become parisitic on females, which remain very small and fail develop eyes, teeth or illicium
Atlantic, Pacific, & Indian oceans; BC; SW
What are the characteristics of the Superorder Acanthopterygii? What groups does this Superorder contain?
Large group of derived fishes
Showing most if not all character sets in derived state
Major changes throughout group from primitive to derived are the CONTINUED REDUCTION ON BONEY PARTS
Superorder Acanthopterygii contain:
- Superorder Atherinomorpha
- Superorder Percomorpha
Frogfishes - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Frogfishes
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Paracanthopterygii; order Lophiiformes; family Antennariidae
Small colourful; pelvic and pectoral fins LIMB-LIKE; developed for moving/walking through complex habitats shallow
All tropical and subtropical areas; NO BC; SW
What three orders found within the Superorder Atherinomorpha?
- Order Atheriniformes - silversides
- Order Belontiformes - needlefishes and flying fishes
- Order Cyprinodontiformes - pupfishes, guppies, topminnows
Silversides, grunions - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Silversides, grunions
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Atherinomorpha; order Atheriniformes; Family Atherinidae
Small surface dwelling, typically schooling fishes; slender long body; head scaled; MOUTH TERMINAL (vs redside shiner); cycloid scales; TWO WIDLEY SEPARATED DORSAL FINS; PRONOUNCED LATERAL LINE; carnivorous most
Tropical to temperate seas; Atlantic and Pacific oceans; BC 1 spps; SW/FW(some)
What are the traits characterising order Belontiformes?
Lower caudal fin love with MORE PRINCIPAL RAYS than the upper lobe
Presence of a FIXED or NONPROTRUSIBLE MOUTH
- Family Esocoetidae - flyingfishes
- Family Belonidae - needlefishes Family
- Family Hemiramphidae - halfbeaks Family
- Family Scomberesocidae - sauries
Flyingfishes - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Flyingfishes
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Atherinomorpha; order Belontiformes; family Esocoetidae
ELONGATE PECTORALS and PELVICS use for gliding in air; REVERSE HETEROCERCAL TAIL with LOWER LOBE STIFFENED and LONGER than upper lobe, used to propel them into the air and escape predators
Tropical to warm temperate oceans, epipelagic oceanic to coastal; NO BC; SW
Needlefishes - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Needlefishes
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Atherinomorpha; Order Belontiformes; family Belonidae
Body elongate; LARGE NEEDLE-LIKE SNOUT, upper and lower jaws into long beaks filled with SHARP TEETH; large eyes; short pectorals; lateral lone rims from pectorals to tail; SINGLE DORSAL and ANAL FIN set FAR BACK on body
Tropical to warm temperate oceans, epipelagic in coastal and oceanic; NO BC; SW/FW
Halfbeaks - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Halfbeaks
Class Actinopterygii; Superorfer Atherinomorpha; Order Belontiformes; family Hemiramphidae
LOWER JAW PROLONGED, combined with small upper jaw; some spps are LIVE-BEARING, ie VIVIPAROUS
Tropical to subtropical, Atlantic Canada; NO BC; SW/FW
Sauries - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Sauries
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Atherinomorpha; Order Belontiformes; family Scomberesocidae
PELVIC FINS SMALL and FAR BACK; DORSAL and ANAL FINS FAR BACK with SMALL FINLETS; SUPRATERMINAL mouth
Tropical to temperate epipelagic waters of Atlantic, Indian & Pacific oceans; BC; SW
What are the characteristics of order Cyprinodontiformes?
- All find are soft-rayed
- Typically soft cycloid scales PROTRUSIBLE premaxillas, like minnows, family Cyprinidae, but WITH TEETH ON PREMAXILLAS
- No Weberian-apparatus
- Physoclistous swimbladder
- Ten families, just over 1000 species
- Tropical to warm temperate regions of all continents except Australia and Antarctica
- ONE FAMILY (Fundulidae) & 2 SPPS in CANADA
Topminnows, killifishes - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Topminnows, killifishes
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Atherinomorpha; order Cyprinodontiformes; family Fundulidae
MAXILLA TWISTED DOWNWARDS, small terminal mouth; long thin vertical stripes on body; large cycloid presented here; ROUNDED CAUDAL FIN; dorsal & anal fun rounded and far back
Eastern N. America to Mexico including EAST/CENTRAL CANADA from Manitoba; NO BC; FW/SW(coastal marine sometimes)
Four-eyed fishes - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Four-eyed fishes
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Atherinomorpha; order Cyprinodontiformes; family Anablepidae
EYES PROMINENTLY RAISED & divided into HALVES to see clearly in air and water; surface dwellers; VIVIPAROUS ie live-bearing w INTERNAL FERTILIZATION; males have large GONOPODIUM, modified anal fin
Tropical, Central and south America; not in Can or US; NO BC; FW & brackish
What are the traits and families of order Stephanoberyciformes? What Superorder is this order found under?
- Found under SUPERORDER PERCOMORPHA
- The family examined in lab is family Melamphaidae, which includes pricklefishes, bigscales, and melamphids
- Order Stephanoberyciformes is a small group of largely deep-sea fishes often with LARGE BLUNT BONY HEADS
- Nine families and 75 spps; 1 FAM & 2 SPPS IN CAN PAC
Melamphids, bigscale fishes - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Melamphids, bigscale fishes
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; order Stephanoberyciformes; family Melamphaidae
HEAVY SET, STOUT BODY; SHORT HEAD w CREST-LIKE RIDGES; black all over; CAUDAL FIN PRECEDED BY SPINES
Bethypelagic (open water, deep ocean) in most oceans, Canadian Pacific; BC; SW
What are the traits of order Beryciformes and the families examined in lab?
Includes squirrelfishes, fangtooths, and roughies, order Beryciformes are much like the Stephanoberyciformes, and this order is often viewed as the sister group of the Percomorphs.
They have ALL DERIVED CHARACTER STATES, but REDUCTION in NUMBERS OF BONES = INTERMEDIATE bw primitive and derived fishes (have more than 5 soft rays in pelvic fins)
Seven families with ~144 spps ALL MARINE; 1 SPPS CAN PAC, and few in Can Atl
Family Anoplogastridae - fangtooths Family Holocentridae - squirrelfishes, soldierfishes
Fangtooths - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Fangtooths
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Beryciformes; family Anoplogastridae
Body = deep, short, compressed; mouth = many large dagger-like teeth (all black); TOUGHER THAN NORMAL DEEP SEA FISHES; BROAD HEAVILY BONED head much like Melamphids;
ONE SPECIES ONLY Deep-sea Atlantic and Pacific Canada; BC; SW
Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Beryciformes; family Holocentridae
LARGE EYES (nocturnal); large deeply notched to sometimes near separate dorsal fins with LARGE SPINY & SOFT-RAYED PORTIONS; single SPINE in PELVIC FINS; ANAL FIN w 4 STRONG SPINES; very LARGE & ROUGH CTENOID SCALES; SPINY-EDGED OPERCULUM; DEEPLY FORKED CAUDAL; round deep body
Tropical, common in CORAL REEFS; NO BC; SW
What are the families and traits found in Order Gasterosteiformes?
Generally very small fishes
Important in study of speciation and the evolution of highly developed male parental care
Locally 3 FAMS:
- Syngnathidae, seahorses and pipefishes;
- Gasterostieidae, sticklebacks;
- Aulorhynchidae, tubesnouts
Pipefishes, seahorses - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Pipefishes, seahorses
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; order Gasterosteiformes; family Syngnathidae
Body ARMOURED w PLATE-LIKE BONY RINGS SERIES; MOUTH TUBULAR, no true teeth; large eyes; 1 DORSAL; NO PELVIC; VIVIPAROUS, male parental care is norm, and extreme in SEAHORSES where MALES REAR YOUNG in BROOD POUCH
Tropical and temperate Atlantic, Indian, Pacific oceans; BC (pipefish); SW & brackish shallow
Brook/5-spine stickleback - class; superorder; order; family; species; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Brook/5-spine stickleback
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Gasterosteiformes; family Gasterostieidae;
Species Culea inconstans
Body typically ELONGATE; NARROW CAUDAL PEDUNCLE; large horizontally placed Pectoral fins; 1st DORSAL FIN = SERIES OF 5 FREE-FLOATING SPINES; PELVIC SPINES PRESENT and lock into place
N. America, east of Rockies; NE BC; FW
Threespine stickleback - class; superorder; order; family; species; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Threespine stickleback
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; order Gasterosteiformes; Family Gasterosteidae
Species Gasterosteus aculeatus
Body typically ELONGATE; SLENDER CAUDAL PEDUNCLE; large horizontally placed Pectoral fins; 1st DORSAL FIN = SERIES OF 3 FREE-FLOATING SPINES; PELVIC SPINES PRESENT and lock into place; small mouth; bony plates often on sides
Northern hemisphere; BC; FW/SW (anadromous)
Nines pine stickleback - class; superorder; order; family; species; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Ninespine stickleback
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; order Gasterosteiformes; family Gasterosteidae;
Species Pungitius pungitius
Body typically ELONGATE; SLENDER CAUDAL PEDUNCLE; large horizontally placed Pectoral fins; 1st DORSAL FIN = SERIES OF 9 FREE-FLOATING SPINES; PELVIC SPINES PRESENT and lock into place; small mouth; bony plates often on sides
N. hemisphere, Canada; Northern BC; FW & anadromous
Tubesnouts - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Tubesnouts
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Gasterosteiformes; family Aulorhynchidae
Body SLENDER, CYLINDRICAL; HEAD PROLONGED INTO SLENDER SNOUT; DORSAL FIN preceded by 25 isolated spines; body partly covered by BONY PLATES; HINGED PREMAXILLA OF UPPER JAW and bends backward
North Pacific ONLY; BC coastal; SW
What are the traits of order Synbranchiformes and what family is examined in lab?
- Family Synbranchidae, swamp/rice eels; also spiny eels within this order
- Eel-like fishes with ELONGATE body WITHOUT PELVIC FINS
- PREMAXILLA borders mouth but is NONPROTRUSIBLE
- Gill openings confined to lower half of body, often with SPECIALISED BRANCHIAL CHAMBERS ABOVE GILLS by which they can BREATHE AIR
- TROPICAL & SUBTROPICAL,
- mostly FW, but 3/99 species are MARINE
Swamp/rice eels - class; superorder; order; family; characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Swamp/rice eels
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; order Synbranchiformes; Family Synbranchidae
NO PECTORAL OR PELVICS; small eyes; ONE SINGLE GILL SLIT, gill membranes fused; SMALL RUDIMENTARY DORSAL & ANAL FINS vs Anguilliformes; MOSTLY AIR BREATHERS
Tropical, subtropical, marine circumequatorial regions including Central America and Mexico; NO BC; FW sometimes brackish, rarely SW
What are the traits and fishes found in order Scorpaeniformes?
“The mail-cheeked fishes’ that include scorpionfishes, rockfishes, sculpins, greenlings, lionfishes, stonefishes, poachers, sea-robins, etc.
This large and diverse group (1477 species with 26 families) contains a large number of marine (1417 spps) and to a much lesser extent freshwater fishes (60 spps, all suborder Cottoidea, mostly Family Cottidae, sculpins)
linked together by the presence of a suborbital stay, a bony brace that connects the suborbital bones to the preoperculum and reinforces the spine carrying skull
Sculpins, bullheads - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Sculpins, bullheads
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Scorpaeniformes; Family Cottidae
Bottom dwelling; typically small, although marine species exceed 50cm TL; body often naked, commonly with imbedded scales or prickles; body never completely encased in armour; large eyes; broad head; large mouth; large pectoral fins; no spines on anal fin; adults without swimbladders; FW with less prominent spines; SW have larger spines
Northern hemisphere, plus eastern & northern Australia and New Zealand; BC fish fauna is rich in scuplins; FW/SW
Blob/flathead sculpins - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Blob/flathead sculpins
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; order Scorpaeniformes; family Psychrolutidae
Body naked, without armour plates or prickles; large interorbital space; reduced lateral line; large head confluent with body
Atlantic Indian & Pacific oceans, typically deep sea; BC; SW
Grunt sculpins - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Grunt sculpins
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Scorpaeniformes; Family Rhamphocottidae
Large head that is 60% of body length; long snout; two bony ridges on top of the head; no scales, but small plates with many minute spines; make a wheezing-grunting sound when removed from water
North Pacific, coastal marine; BC; SW
Sailfin sculpins - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Sailfin sculpins
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Scorpaeniformes; Family Hemitripteridae
Tall dorsal & anal fins; presence of numerous prickles, or papillae on the head and body; knobbly frontal-parietal ridge
North Pacific & N. Atlantic; BC; SW
Poachers - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Poachers
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Scorpaeniformes; Family Agonidae
Body covered with bony plates & usually elongate; pelvic fins thoracic; typicall 2 distinct dorsal fins; swimbladder absent; bottom dwellers from shallow to deep sea
Arctic, Northern Pacific & Atlantic, southern S. America; BC; SW
Flying Gunards - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Flying Gunards
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Scorpaeniformes; family Dactylopteridae
Large, broad blunt boney heads, with spines and keels; body covered in scute-like scales; greatly enlarged and colourful pectoral fins; no lateral line; bottom dwelling fish that do not fly
Tropical in Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans; NO BC; SW
Flatheads - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Flatheads
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Scorpaeniformes; Family Platycephalidae
Head moderately to strongly depressed; pelvics behind pectoral base; 2 distinct dorsal fin; benthic in habit, often burying themselves in the sand
primarily Indo-Pacific oceans; NO BC; SW
Lumpfish, lumpsuckers - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Lumpfish, lumpsuckers
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; Order Scorpaeniformes; Family Cyclopeteridae
Body globose, usually covered in tubericles; pelvic fins modified into SMALL SUCKING DISCS; usually with 2 dorsal fins, where 2nd dorsal and anal fins short and never confluent with tail; some species are small, but others reach 60cm TL
coldwaters of N. hemisphere; BC (2spps); SW
Snailfishes - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Snailfishes
Class Actinopterygii; superorder Percomorpha; order Scorpaeniformes; Family Liparidae
body elongate, no scales, jelly-like in some; pelvic fins modified into SUCKING DISCS; long dorsal and anal fins composed soley of soft rays
Atctic to Antarctic, from shallow to extremely deep; BC; SW
Sablefishes. blackcod, skillifish - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Sablefishes, blackcod, skillifish
Class Actinopterygii; superorder Percomorpha; order Scorpaeniformes; family Anoplopomatidae
Species Anoplopoma fimbria
smooth not spiny; suborbital stay; streamlined fish, with well separated dorsal fins; single lateral line; 2 spps (other spps = Erilepis zonifer); inhabit deepeer water areas
North Pacific; BC; SW
Greenlings, lingcod - Class; Superorder; Order; Family; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
Greenlings, lingcod
Class Actinopterygii; Superorder Percomorpha; order Scorpaeniformes; family Hexagrammidae
Species Ophidon elongatus
No spines/ridges on upper part of head; cirri above each eye; 1 dorsal fin, usually notched; anal fin long; no swimbladder; benthic; 1-5 lateral lines each side;
the Atka mackerel is a northern greenling, rarely found south of Alaska, but sometimes caught in Canadian waters, primarily pelagic and schooling = ONLY NON-BENTHIC GREENLING
North Pacific; BC; SW
