Lab

Question 1

What cell types make up the glomerulus?

Answer 1

1. Podocytes
2. Epithelial cells (-ve charged glycocalyx coat)
3. Mesangial cells (b/w capillaries for support)
4. RBC

Question 2

What are the two epithelial cells which comprise the renal corpuscle?

Answer 2

1. Podocytes

2. Parietal epithelium

Question 3

What is the difference b/w the parietal epithelium and podocytes of the renal corpuscle/

Answer 3

Parietal epi is thin and squamous

Question 4

Where are which two components of the renal corpuscle continuous?

Answer 4

Parietal epithelium and podocytes of the renal corpuscle –> continuous at the Vascular Pole

Question 5

What is the primary tissue which predominates in the kidney?

Answer 5

Epithelium

Question 6

What is the function of the primary tissue that predominates in the kidney?

Answer 6

1. Absorption
2. Secretion
   e. g. PT 2/3

Question 7

What is located at the vascular pole?

Answer 7

1. Afferent and efferent arterioles

2. sensed by the Distal T Macula Densa cells

Question 8

What is located at the urinary pole?

Answer 8

1. PT

Question 9

How do you distinguish b/w PT and DT cells?

Answer 9

Both: Cuboidal epi
Proximal: 1. Taller. 2. Brush border
Distal: 1. Thinner 2. No brush border apical staining

Question 10

What is located b/w the tubules?

Answer 10

Peritubular capillaries

- only locates in cortex

Question 11

What are the morphological differences b/w macula densa cells and distal tubule cells?

Answer 11

Packed tightly + relatively smaller
Basolateral nuclei
Function: sense salt levels of DT infiltrate –> contract/dilate as required –> maintain stable GFR

Question 12

What things to Macula Densa cells in DT sense?

Answer 12

1. plasma osmolality
2. pH
3. sufficient flow (hypoxia vs wash out)
4. Medullary salt concentration

Question 13

How do Macula Densa cells maintain stable GFR?

Answer 13

1. Decrease GFR via : Constrict Afferent + Renin

2. Increase GFR: ADH

Question 14

Location and Components of Medullary Rays

Answer 14

Location: Centre of the lobule. in Cortex
Components: P and D Tubules + Collecting Duct
(parallel straight tubules in cortex)
Note: interlobular arteries define the lobules

Question 15

Transition of the Collecting duct

Answer 15

Base: Columnar epi –> Normal: Cuboidal epi.

Question 16

Difference b/w Collecting Ducts and Thin Limbs

Answer 16

Collecting Ducts: thicker. Columnar Base –> Cuboidal
(can sometimes see branch of collecting duct)
Thin limbs: thin (can only see buldging nuclei)

Question 17

Components of large arteries

Answer 17

1. Endothelium
2. Smooth muscle (thicker. contractile. )
3. Adventitia

Question 18

Arcuate vessels

Answer 18

Boundary of cortex and medulla

Question 19

Vasa recta

Answer 19

most evident in outer medulla

look like red regions of parallel vessels

Question 20

Where are the renal corpuscles that are associated with vasa recta located?

Answer 20

In cortex, but near junction as want to be Close to the medulla (and its vasa recta)

Question 21

What are the components of the Ureter

Answer 21

1. Lumen (star shaped when relaxed)
2. Transitional epithelium (mucous coat for lubrication)
3. (Sub-epithelial) CT (lamina propria/fibroelastic)
4. 2x Smooth muscle layers (ILCO)
5. adventitia (fibroelastic)

Question 22

What are the components of the bladder?

Answer 22

1. Lumen
2. Transitional epithelium/Uroepithelium –> 3-4 relaxed –> 1-2 stretched
3. CT (sub-epithelial) Fibroelastic
4. Thick Smooth muscle (Detrusor muscle)