Lab Flashcards
What cell types make up the glomerulus?
- Podocytes
- Epithelial cells (-ve charged glycocalyx coat)
- Mesangial cells (b/w capillaries for support)
- RBC
What are the two epithelial cells which comprise the renal corpuscle?
- Podocytes
2. Parietal epithelium
What is the difference b/w the parietal epithelium and podocytes of the renal corpuscle/
Parietal epi is thin and squamous
Where are which two components of the renal corpuscle continuous?
Parietal epithelium and podocytes of the renal corpuscle –> continuous at the Vascular Pole
What is the primary tissue which predominates in the kidney?
Epithelium
What is the function of the primary tissue that predominates in the kidney?
- Absorption
- Secretion
e. g. PT 2/3
What is located at the vascular pole?
- Afferent and efferent arterioles
2. sensed by the Distal T Macula Densa cells
What is located at the urinary pole?
- PT
How do you distinguish b/w PT and DT cells?
Both: Cuboidal epi
Proximal: 1. Taller. 2. Brush border
Distal: 1. Thinner 2. No brush border apical staining
What is located b/w the tubules?
Peritubular capillaries
- only locates in cortex
What are the morphological differences b/w macula densa cells and distal tubule cells?
Packed tightly + relatively smaller
Basolateral nuclei
Function: sense salt levels of DT infiltrate –> contract/dilate as required –> maintain stable GFR
What things to Macula Densa cells in DT sense?
- plasma osmolality
- pH
- sufficient flow (hypoxia vs wash out)
- Medullary salt concentration
How do Macula Densa cells maintain stable GFR?
- Decrease GFR via : Constrict Afferent + Renin
2. Increase GFR: ADH
Location and Components of Medullary Rays
Location: Centre of the lobule. in Cortex
Components: P and D Tubules + Collecting Duct
(parallel straight tubules in cortex)
Note: interlobular arteries define the lobules
Transition of the Collecting duct
Base: Columnar epi –> Normal: Cuboidal epi.
Difference b/w Collecting Ducts and Thin Limbs
Collecting Ducts: thicker. Columnar Base –> Cuboidal
(can sometimes see branch of collecting duct)
Thin limbs: thin (can only see buldging nuclei)
Components of large arteries
- Endothelium
- Smooth muscle (thicker. contractile. )
- Adventitia
Arcuate vessels
Boundary of cortex and medulla
Vasa recta
most evident in outer medulla
look like red regions of parallel vessels
Where are the renal corpuscles that are associated with vasa recta located?
In cortex, but near junction as want to be Close to the medulla (and its vasa recta)
What are the components of the Ureter
- Lumen (star shaped when relaxed)
- Transitional epithelium (mucous coat for lubrication)
- (Sub-epithelial) CT (lamina propria/fibroelastic)
- 2x Smooth muscle layers (ILCO)
- adventitia (fibroelastic)
What are the components of the bladder?
- Lumen
- Transitional epithelium/Uroepithelium –> 3-4 relaxed –> 1-2 stretched
- CT (sub-epithelial) Fibroelastic
- Thick Smooth muscle (Detrusor muscle)
