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Cell Membrane > Lab 5: Osmolarity > Flashcards

Lab 5: Osmolarity Flashcards

1
Q

What is water important for?

A

Maintaining homeostasis- as a reservoir for hydration and dehydration reactions

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2
Q

What are the most common extra cellular fluids?

A

Blood plasma
Lymph
Interstitial fluid
(Water is a major component of all)

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3
Q

What are additional components to fluids?

A

Ions in the form of electrolytes and solutes

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4
Q

Predominant extra cellular electrocutes?

A

Sodium, chloride

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5
Q

Most predominant intracellular electrolytes?

A

Potassium
Phosphates
ATP
Proteins

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6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water across a semi-permeable barrier

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7
Q

Purpose of osmosis?

A

To balance out concentration of solutes and water on either side of the semi permeable membrane (semi permeable membrane is permeable to water but not solutes)

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8
Q

How does water move from concentration wise?

A

From high water/low solute concentration to low water/high solute concentration (in order to balance two compartments)

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9
Q

What would happen is the semi-permeable barrier was permeable to the solute?

A

It would simply diffuse across

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10
Q

Does osmosis alter solution volumes on either side?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is osmosis governed by?

A

The osmolarity of each of two solutions on either side of the semi permeable barrier

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12
Q

What does molar concentration need to be adjusted for?

A

The number of ions into which the solutes will dissociate, and the extent to which this occurs

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13
Q

What can we, therefore, define osmolarity or osmotic concentration as?

A

The number of molecules or ions per litre of solution

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14
Q

Equation for osmolarity?

A

(Osmotic coefficient: extent to which a compound will dissociate particularly in high concentration solutions)x( number of ions or molecules in to which the compound will dissociate in solution)x(molar concentration of the compound in solution)

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15
Q

How much of a compound will generally dissociate in water, in practice?

A

93% (instead of 100%)

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16
Q

What is isosmotic?

A

Two solutions with the same osmolarity

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17
Q

What is a solution with higher osmolarity than the other called?

A

Hyperosmotic

18
Q

What is a solution with lower osmolarity than the other called?

A

Hyposmotic

19
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The greater the concentration, the greater the osmolarity of the solution, the greater the osmotic pressure, the greater the magnitude of water movement across the semi permeable membrane

20
Q

What is the standard osmolarity of blood plasma?

A

280 mOsmol/L

21
Q

What is intracellular fluid osmolarity compared to blood plasma under normal conditions?

A

The same

22
Q

What does tonicity refer to?

A

The effect of intracellular and extra cellular (fluid) on cell volume

23
Q

What happens when there’s equal osmolarity?

A

There will be no nett movement of water (no solute movement) and therefore no change in cell volume

24
Q

What do we call no change in cell volume?

A

Isotonic

25
Q

What would happen if the extra cellular fluid had lower osmolarity than the intracellular fluid?

A

Water would rush into the cell and cause it to swell

26
Q

What is s solution that causes a cell to swell called?

A

Hypotonic

27
Q

What percentage does a cell have to swell greater than its resting volume to burst (lyse)

A

40%

28
Q

What would happen the the extra cellular fluid osmolarity increased to greater than the intracellular fluid?

A

The water would leave the cell and the cell would shrink (called crenation)

29
Q

What is a solution that causes cell shrinking (crenation) called?

A

A hypertonic solution

30
Q

Is osmolarity and tonicity always the same?

A

No- osmolarity is the number of dissolved ions/solutes, but tonicity is the effect

31
Q

Why does urea explain the difference between osmolarity and tonicity?

A

It is isosmotic to intracellular fluids, but it can freely enter cells with water and causes a hypotonic result as it causes the cell to swell despite its isosomolarity

32
Q

What are erythrocytes permeable to?

A

Water and some ions

33
Q

What is the name of the volume of erythrocytes relative to total blood volume?

A

Blood haematocrit

34
Q

What can a blood haematocrit identify?

A

Medical conditions such as anaemia and polycythemia

35
Q

Average blood haematocrit of males vs females?

A

Males- 47%

Females- 42%

36
Q

Was the process of cell washing used before this experiment?

A

Yes, so 99% of solution surrounding cells was an isotonic salt solution (plasma and WBC removed)

37
Q

Volume concentration equation?

A

Moles/concentration

38
Q

Moles equation?

A

Concentration x volume

39
Q

What do you use to seal capillary tubes?

A

Critoseal

40
Q

What is used to separate erythrocytes from NaCl solution?

A

Centrifuge (3700 revolutions per minute)

41
Q

In a capillary tube, what vindicates a burst (lyse) cell?

A

The whole tube being light pink

42
Q

Dilution factor equation?

A

Final volume/original volume

Cell Membrane (6 decks)

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