Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FISH 324 Lab > Lab 5 - Biodiversity II > Flashcards

Lab 5 - Biodiversity II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics linking fishes within the superorder Ostaryophysi?

A

Ostariophysans are a broad and speciose group comprised nearly totally of primary freshwater fishes, making up the largest proportion of freshwater fishes in the world, including N. America and Canada

They are linked by 2 traits:

  1. WEBERIAN APPARATUS, which is a modification fo the first 4-5 vertebrae into a mechanical connection between the swimbladder and the inner ear for sound transmission i.e. can hear
  2. fishes of this group possess a fright reaction elicited by an ALARM SUBSTANCE or SCHRECKSTOFF contained in the epidermal club cells. Superorder Ostaryophysi is divided into two groups: I) Series Anotphysi II) Series Otophysi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Milkfish: Class; Subclass; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Milkfish

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleosteii Superorder Ostariophysi Order Gonorhynchiformes Family Chanidae

Lack Weberian apparatus but do possess Schreckstoff and reaction to it; deeply forked tail; small and toothless mouth; non-protactule upper jaw; deep and laterally compressed body.

Tropical and subtropical Indian and W. Pacific oceans - NO BC; SW, brackish and occassionally freshwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Order Cypriniformes characterized by?

A

Containing, carps, true minnows, suckers, and loaches, Order Cypriniformes are characterized by the following:

  1. protactile premaxilla
  2. no teeth on jaws but do have pharyngeal teeth
  3. adipose absent (with exceptions)
  4. head almost always scaleless
  5. 3 brachiostegals

About 3268 species exist with greatest diversity in SE Asia. About 60 species in Canada, with 1/3 of freshwater fishes belonging to Order Cypriniformes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cyprinids, (true) minnows, carps, goldfish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Cyprinids

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes Family Cyprinidae

Protrusible premaxilla; maxilla excluded fromgape of mouth; no jaw teeth; spine-like rays in dorsal fin in some (carps); almost always without an adipose.

Largest freshwater fish family. Canadian freshwater species – BC; FW, rarely brackish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Freshwater suckers, redhorses, quillbacks: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Freshwater suckers, redhorses, quillbacks

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleosteii Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes Family Catastomidae

Ventral, subterminal, and protrusible mouth almost always with LARGE FLESHY, PAPILLATE LIPS; jaw teeth absent; physostomous swim bladder; no adipose or barbels.

North America, primarily, with exceptions in China and NE Siberia – BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the traits found in Order Characiformes and which fish does this order contain?

A

Order Characiformes contains charcains i.e. piranhas, teras, pacu, head standers, freshwater hatchet fish, and tiger fish, which exhibit the following traits:

  1. Mouth not protrusible
  2. Jaw teeth usually well developed (most carnivorous - often but not always with an adipose fin

Important food, aquarium fishes and sport’s fishes, freshwater found in Africa, South and Central America to the southwest United States.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pike chacarins or tropical gars: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Pike chacarins or tropical gars

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Characiformes Family Ctenoluciidae

Resemble family Lepisosteidae (gars) and family Esocidae (pike) with respect to morphology and ecology, as a result of convergent evolution; distinguished from Lepisosteidae and Esocidae by having an ADIPOSE FIN.

Panama and South America - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pencil fish, toothed headstanders: Class; Sublcass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Pencil fish, toothed headstanders

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Characiformes Family Anostomidae

Small, terminal to slightly supraterminal mouth; often feed head down.

South America - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characins: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Characins

Class Acintopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleosteii Superorder Ostariophysi Order Characiformes Family Characidae

Typically well-toothed with an adipose fin. Includes dangerous predators (piranhas), seed and fruit eaters and many popular aquarium fish.

Texas south through Mexico, Central and South America - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hatchetfishes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Hatchetfishes

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Characiformes Family Gasteropelecidae

Strongly compressed head and deep body with PROTRUDING BONY MUSCULAR BREAST REGION; adipose present in larger species; LARGE WELL DEVELOPED PECTORAL FINS on distinct angle used for making SHORT (true) FLIGHTS in air.

Panama and South America - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of the order Siluriformes and which fish does this order contain?

A

Order Siluriformes contain catfishes which are freshwater and occasionally marine, and whom are characterized by the following traits:

  1. Normally up to four pairs of chemosensory and tactile barbels around the mouth region
  2. Adipose fins present, sometimes extremely developed
  3. Fake spiny, often serrated, rays present as first ray of dorsal and pectoral rays which are fused soft fin rays and NOT TRUE SPINES
  4. Premaxilla non-protrusible
  5. Teeth common in haw on vomer and palantines

Only one family exist in North America, but not in Canada – family Ictaluridae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Northern catfishes, bullheads & matoms: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Northern catfishes, bullheads & matoms

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Siluriformes Family Ictaluridae

Body naked and rotund forward; laterally compressed beyond dorsal fin; head large, flattened, and posessing several pairs of whisker-like barbels; dorsal fin and low pectoral fins with serrate spine; long anal fins; adipose fin present; caudal fin square, forked, or round.

Found in North Americal - introduced in BC including Vancouver Island; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suckermouth armoured catfish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Suckermouth armoured catfish

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superoder Ostariophysi Order Siluriformes Family Loricariidae

Heavy bony armour; ventral SUCKING mouth with small barbels; adipose fin with spine; often associated with swift flowing streams where their benthic habit and gripping mouth and generally rough surface texture allow them to maintain position.

Panama, South America, North America and Canada - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bagrid catfish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Bagrid catfish

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Siluriformes Family Bagridae

Naked body with variably sized adipose; usually with four pairs of WELL-DEVELOPED LONG BARBELS; size vary.

Africa to Asia including Japan and Borneo - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Callichthyid armoured catfish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Callichthyid armoured catfish

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Siluriformes Family Callichthyidae

AIR BREATHERS through the use of vascular hindgut; can move short distances on land; body covered with TWO ROWS of BONY PLATES; 3 PAIRS of BARBELS; adipose fin has spine.

South America and Panama - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Shark catfish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Shark catfish

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Siluriformes Famly Pangasiidae

Compressed body; adipose fin present; LONG ANAL FIN; forked caudal fin; mouth nearly terminal; two sets of barbels max.

Southern Asia - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Walking/air-breathing catfish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Walking/air-breathing catfish

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Siluriformes Family Clariidae

AIR BREATHING labyrinthic organ arising from gill arches; usually 4 pairs of barbels; dorsal base very long NO SPINE; separate/continuous caudal fin; no adipose.

SW Asia, Syria and Africa - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thorny/talking catfishes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Thorny/talking catfishes

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Siluriformes Family Doradidae

AIR BREATHERS and able to SPEAK using pectoral fins and/or swim bladders; body has a row of lateral boney plates, most with spines; thee pairs of barbels; dorsal and pectorals with well developed serrated spine.

South America - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the general characterisitcs of superorder Protacanthopterygii and what are the 4 orders found within this superorder?

A

Superorder Protacanthopterygii members share GENERAL PRIMITIVE ACTINOPTERYGIAN traits.

4 orders:

  1. Esociformes (pikes, pikerals, mudminnows)
  2. Argentiniformes (marine smelts)
  3. Osmeriformes (freshwater and anadromous smelts, galaxids)
  4. Salmoniformes (graylings, whitefish, salmon, charr and trout)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Northern pike (pikes & pickerels): Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Northern pike (pikes & pickerels)

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Esociformes Family Esocidae

Species Esox lucius

Large head, flat duck bill-like snot; well developed teeth on jaws.

Eastern North America and northern hemisphere, widespread in Canada – BC, north and northeast; FW, sometimes brackish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mudminnows and Alaska blackfish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Mudminnows and Alaska blackfish

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Esociformes Family Umbridae

AIR BREATHER; snout NOT pronounced (vs Esocidae pike); round caudal fin (vs abbreviate heterocercal in Amiidae Amia calva bowfin) ; faint or absent lateral line.

North America and Europe, 2 in Canada - NO BC; FW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the characteristics of order Osmeriformes and what family was examined in lab?

A

Order Osmeriformes is a diverse froup of small mainly freshwater and anadromous fishes including freshwater smelts. Family Osmeridae (smelts) are represeneted here.

Characteristics of order Osmeriformes:

  1. have adipose fin but
  2. do not have pelvic axillary process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Smelts, Eulachon spps: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?

A

Smelts, Eulachon spps

Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Osmeriformes Family Osmeridae

Species Thaleichthys pacificus.

ADIPOSE FIN; elongate body; NO PELVIC AXILLARY PROCESS; mouth often large, maxilla extending past posterior margin of eye

northern hemisphere in Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific; 5/31 species in Canada, 4 native in… BC; SW, anadromous and coastal freshwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the characteristics of order Argentiniformes and what are the 4 families found in Canadian Pacific waters?

A

Order Argentiniformes, or marine smelts, are deepsea forage fishes with or without adipose fin, with or without photophores, and having a COMPLEX BRANCHIAL STRUCTURE – a CRUMENAL ORGAN.

The 4 Canadian Pacific families (6-7 families) are as follows:

  1. family Bathylagidae, deepsea or black smelts
  2. family Argentinidae, Argentines/herring smelts
  3. family Platyroctidae, tubeshoulders
  4. family Alepocephailae, slickheads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Deepsea/black smelts: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Deepsea/black smelts** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Argentiniformes Family **Bathylagidae** Small fish; adipose fin; **large eyes**. 1 species in Canadian Atlantic waters, 4 species occur in Canadian Pacific -- BC; SW
26
**Argentines/herring smelt**: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Argentines/herring smelt** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Argentiniformes Family **Argentinidae** **Adipose fin**; small mouth; maxillary and premaxillary **without teeth**. Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans with ~23 species 1 species in Canadian Pacific -- BC; SW
27
Tubeshoulders: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Chracteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Tubeshoulders** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Argentiniformes Family **Platyroctidae** No adipose fin; a l**arge round, black sac/shoulder organ** located immediately inside the upper portion of the cleithrum. All oceans -- BC; SW
28
Slickheads: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Slickheads** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Argentiniformes Family **Alepocephailae** No adipose fin; **no photophores**. All oceans, with at least 90 species, also Canadian Pacific waters -- BC; SW, deepsea
29
What are the three subfamilies found in family Salmonidae? What order is the familiy found within?
1. ***Subfamily Coregoninae*** 2. ***Subfamily Thymallinae*** 3. ***Subfamily Salmoninae*** **Family Salmonidae** is the only one family found in order Salmoniformes.
30
What families are found in the order Salmoniformes?
Only one family, Salmonidae
31
What are the characteristics of family Salmonidae that tie the three subfamiliies together?
Salmonidae are relatively primitive bony fish 1. Lack spines on fins 2. Pelvic fins are positioned well back on the body 3. Have a tab-like fleshy **AXILLARY PROCESS** associated with the base of the pelvic fin 4. Adipose fin 5. Freshwater or anadromous
32
What is the difference in anal fin shape and ray counts between fish within subfamily Salmoninae?
**Oncorhynchus, or more derived semelparous Pacific salmon** have ***greater than 13 anal fin rays*** and produces a **LARGE FAN SHAPED ANAL FIN**. Most **iteroparous/primitive Oncorhynchus (STHD, RBT, CTH)** and **all Salmo**, **Salvenlinus**, **Hucho**, and **Brachymystax** species have ***less than 13 anal fin rays*** and produces a **PERPENDICULAR ANAL FIN**.
33
What species are found within the subfamily Coregoninae?
1. ***Prosopium williamsoni,*** mountain whitefish 2. ***Prosopium cylindraceum***, round whitefish 3. ***Coregonus clupeaformis***, lake whitefish 4. ***Corregonus artedii***, lake cisco 5. ***Stenodus leucichthys***, Inconnu
34
Mountain whitefish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Mountain whitefish** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Coregoninae** Species ***Prosopium williamsoni*** **PARR MARKS** as juveniles; **LARGE ADIPOSE FIN**, = 1.5X eye diameter; no teeth and small mouth; **distinct slant on head**; Western North America, Alberta, SE Yukon, SW NWT -- BC; FW
35
Round whitefish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Round whitefish** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Coregoninae** Species ***Prosopium cylindraceum*** **PARR MARKS** as juveniles; **SMALL ADIPOSE**, base = eye; **slender, round cigar-shaped** body. Across Canada but only in most northern part of BC -- BC; FW
36
Lake whitefish: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Lake whitefish** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Coregoninae** Species ***Coregonus clupeaformis*** **NO PARR MARK** as juveniles; snout overhangs **mouth**, **SUBTERMINAL**; ***few* gill rakers**; **deep laterally compressed** body. Canada -- BC; FW
37
Lake cisco: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Lake cisco** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Coregoninae** Species ***Coregonus artedii*** **NO PARR MARK** as juveniiles; **mouth TERMINAL**; ***many* gill rakers**; deep laterally compressed body. East and central Canada -- BC northern tip; FW
38
Inconnu: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Inconnu** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Coregoninae** Species ***Stenodus leucichthys*** **NO PARR MARK** with **LARGE MOUTH** as juveniles; mouth large, **maxilla exteding back to pupil of eye**; lower jaw broad and projecting, equal or greater than the upper jaw, **TERMINAL** or **SUPRATERMINAL**. NW Canada -- BC, far north; FW, anadromous
39
What fish is found in subfamily Thymallinae and which species is found in North America?
Graylings, 4 to 5 species with only one in North America: Arctic Grayling, ***Thymallus arcticus***.
40
Arctic grayling: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Arctic grayling** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Thymallinae** Species ***Thymallus articus*** **SMALL PARR MARK** as juveniles; **Large dorsal fin**; small to intermediate sized mouth; teeth on jaws; large scales. North America -- BC northern; FW strictly
41
What are characteristics of subfamily Salmoninae and the three genera found in North America?
Slamoninae have * small scales (\>110 lateral line) * arge, usually well-toothed jaws (maxilla mid-eye or beyond) * small dorsal fins The 3 genera in N. America are 1. Salvelinus, chars 2. Salmo, trouts 3. Oncorhynchus, salmon
42
What are the 5 species of Salvelinus in North America? What are the distinguishing characteristics of these species? What subfamily does this genus belong to?
1. ***Salvelinus fontinalis***, brook trout 2. ***Savelinus malma***, Dolly Varden 3. ***Salvelinus confluentus***, bull trout 4. ***Salvelinus namayacush***, lake trout 5. ***Salvelinus alpinus***, Arctic char Distinguishing features: * very small scales light spots on dark body * snow white leading edge on fins * vomer teeth in V-pattern, none on shaft * Subfamily Salmoninae
43
Lake trout: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Lake trou****t** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Salmoninae** Species ***Salvelinus namayacush*** **White vermiculations** on sides and dorsal; **deeply forked tail**; large mouth; large parr marks. Across Canada -- BC, mid to north; FW only, non-anadromous only member of subfamily
44
Brook trout: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Brook trout** Class Actinopterygii Sublcass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Salmoninae** Species ***Salvelinus fontinalis*** **Black vermiculations on dorsal fin**; red spots with blue halos; pelvic and anal fins have bold white leading edge followed by black line; **large mouth,** maxilla extends past eye. Eastern Canada and parts of US - NO BC; FW & anadromous
45
Bull trout: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Bull trout** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Salmoninae** Species ***Salvelinus confluentus*** **No vermiculations** on dorsal fin; **large maxilla**, **extending past eye**; white to pink spots; **white leading edge on pelvic and anal fin *followed by black edge***. North America -- BC, non-coastal; FW, rarely anadromous
46
Dolly Varden: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Dolly Varden** Class Actinopterygii Sublcass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Salmoninae** Species ***Salvelinus malma*** **No markings** on dorsal fin; white to pinkish round spots; white leading edge on pelvic and anal fin not followed by black line only with white line; **small mouth**, **maxilla not extending past eye**. Coastal BC, through to Alaska, and E. Asia -- BC; FW and anadromous
47
What are two North American species of Salmo (trout)? Are they both native?
1. ***Salmo trutta***, brown trout is introduced widely in North America, including BC. 2. ***Salmo salar***, Atlantic salmon are found native in eastern North America and Europe.
48
Brown trout: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Brown trout** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Salmoninae** Species ***Salmo trutta*** Parr have **small adipose fin**, **orange**, with **red spots between parr marks**; **Square caudal fin**; black/brown spots on white background; **some RED SPOTS on body**; spots on orange adipose; few or no spots on caudal fin. Native in Europe, introduced in North America -- BC, introduced; FW & anadromous
49
Atlantic salmon: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Subfamily; Species; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Atlantic salmon** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes Family **Salmonidae** Subfamily **Salmoninae** Species ***Salmo salar*** **Black spots on white body** and **on operculum**; **no spots on slightly forked caudal** fin; anal fin slight slant; Parr have **LARGE PECTORAL FINS and RED SPOTS between parr marks** along lateral line, and **CLEAR ADIPOSE**. Eastern North America and Europe - NO BC; FW & anadromous
50
What are the species names of the Pacific salmon?
1. ***Oncorhynchus keta***, chum salmon 2. ***Oncorhynchus nerka***, sockeye salmon 3. ***Oncorhynchus gorbuscha***, pink salmon 4. ***Oncorhynchus tshawytscha***, Chinook 5. ***Oncorhynchus kisutch***, coho 6. ***Oncorhynchus mykiss***, RBT 7. ***Oncorhynchus clarki***, cutthroat
51
How are salmon/trout and char fry distinguished from each other?
Char fry are distinguished from trout and salmon fry by LARGE, BLOTCHY PARR MARKS, some of which are wider than intervening light areas, and a TRIANGULAR DUSKY PATCH of pigment that extends halfway out on caudal fin.
52
What are the differences between Oncorhynchus kisutch and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fry?
Both have long anal fins and **parr marks** are **larger than eye diameter** but... * ***O. kisutch*** (**coho**) has an **anal fin** that is **FALCATE, with black leading edge**; and **fins are coloured**. * ***O. tshawytscha*** (**chinook**) have a **more angular anal fin**, **adipose fin has clear** window.
53
What are the differences between Oncorhynchus nerka and Oncorhynchus keta fry?
Both have **parr marks smaller than the diameter of the eye**. 1. ***O. nerka***, **sockeye**, have more **irregular/UNEVEN parr marks**; silver or white on ventral side. 2. ***O. keta***, **chum**, have more **regular/EVEN parr mark heights**; area below laterla line is greenish.
54
What member of Salmoninae have no parr marks? Who shares this trait?
***Onchorhynchus gorbuscha***, pink salmon, fry do not have parr marks. This is shared with members of Coregoninae, ***Stenodus leucicthys*** (inconnu), ***Coregonus clupeaformis*** (lake whitefish), and ***Coregonus artedii*** (lake cisco)
55
What are the characterisitcs of superorder Stenopterygii, order Stomiiformes and what families are examined within this order?
Superorder Stenopterygii, order Stomiiformes have the following traits: * photophroes * premaxilla and maxilla both in gape of mouth with teeth * chin barbels sometimes present * pectoral, dorsal, adipose fin absent in some cases * adipose fin sometimes ventral 1. Family **Sternoptychidae**, marine hatchetfishes 2. Family **Stomiidae**, barbeled dragonfishes, viperfishes
56
Marine hatchetfishes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Marine hatchetfishes** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Stenopterygii Order Stomiiformes Family **Sternoptychidae** **Abdominal keel-like structure/BLADE** in front of **ANTERIOR VENTRAL composed of specialized pterygiophores**; **mouth nearly vertical**; body deep and **extremely compressed**; adipose fin; numerous ventrally facing photophores. Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans -- BC; SW
57
Barbeled dragonfishes, viperfishes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Order; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Barbeled dragonfishes, viperfishes** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Stenopterygii Order Stomiiformes Family **Stomiidae** Often **fang-like teeth**, with a **very large sometimes detachable jaw**; **photophores common**; netal barbels associated with hyoid apparatus. Atlantic, Indian, Pacific oceans -- BC; SW
58
What are the traits of fishes in superorder Scopelomorpha and what are the 7 families examined in lab?
Superorder Scopelomorpha are marine fishes with highly variable habitat. Many have **BIOLUMINESCENT structures** as well as an **ADIPOSE FIN**, and have a **TOOTHLESS MAXILLA** which is excluded from upper jaw and only the premaxilla is toothed. *This is the first time that this trait appears in living fishes, but upper jaw still not protrusible*. 1. Family **Synodontidae**, lizardfishes, Bombay ducks 2. Family **Scopelosauridae**, paperbones, waryfishes 3. Family **Anotopteridae**, daggertooths 4. Family **Paralepididae**, barracudinas 5. Family **Alepisauridae**, lancetfishes 6. Family **Scopelarchidae**, pearleyes 7. Family **Myctophidae**, lanternfishes
59
Bombay ducks and lizardfishes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Bombay ducks and lizardfishes** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Scopelomorpha Family **Synodontidae** **Large well-toothed jaws** and an adipose fin; pelvic fins lie under dorsal fins; mostly benthic, lie and wait predators. Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, shallow coastal tropical and subtropical waters; BC; SW, rarely brackish typically
60
Paperbones, Waryfishes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Paperbones, Waryfishes** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Scopelomorpha Family **Scopelosauridae** **Large eyes**; **large scaled mouth** on **large head**; **pelvic fins are anterior to the dorsal** fins; adipose fin. Subartic to Antartic -- BC; SW
61
Daggertooths: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Daggertooths** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Scopelomorpha Family **Anotopteridae** Elongate cylindrical fishes, **compressed anteriorly**; **long pointed jaw**; **no rayed dorsal fin**; adipose fin present; **fragile bones** Temperate waters of Pacific and Antlantic oceans -- BC; SW, bathypelagic
62
Barracudinas: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Barracudinas** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Scopelomorpha Family **Paralepididae** **Distinct dorsal fin 2/3 of way down** body; adipose fin present; predatory deep-sea fish resembling family Anotopteridae, daggertooths, but **much smaller in size** All oceans, Artic and Antartic -- BC; SW
63
Lancetfishes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Lancetfishes** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Scopelomorpha Family **Alepisauridae** **Large sail-like dorsal** fin; adipose fin; **scaleless, slende**r body; **no photophores**; RARE Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans -- BC; SW
64
Pearleyes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Pearleyes** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Scopelomorpha Family **Scopelarchidae** Small, compressed, elongate body; **only small gap between eyes** which are **directed forward and upwards**; **not overly massive jaw**, where lower jaw projects past upper jaw, **SUPRA-TERMINAL mouth** Antarctic, Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans -- BC; SW
65
Lanternfishes: Class; Subclass; Subdivision; Superorder; Family; Characteristics; Canadian distribution; FW/SW?
**Lanternfishes** Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Superorder Scopelomorpha Family **Myctophidae** **Photophores below lateral line**, where **patterns = species- and sex-specific**; adipose fin; large anal fin placed far back; large mouth, small teeth; thought to be most abundant of all fishes in the world SW All oceans -- BC; SW

FISH 324 Lab (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions