Lab 4 Vocab (Arthropods)

Question 1

Phylum arthropoda 5 subphyla

Answer 1

Trilobitomorpha, chelicerata, crustacea, myriapoda, hexapoda

Question 2

Subphyla chelicerata 2 classes

Answer 2

merostomata, arachnida

Question 3

Subphyla crustacea class

Answer 3

malacostraca

Question 4

Subphyla myriapoda 2 classes

Answer 4

diplopoda, chilopoda

Question 5

Subphyla hexapoda class

Answer 5

insecta

Question 6

Exoskeleton

Answer 6

big number of advantages, attachment site for internalized muscles, structural support, support from desiccation and allows appendages to function as levers. light and flexible, but with biophysical constraints since non growing.

Question 7

Ecdysis

Answer 7

moulting: shedding exoskeleton (old cuticle) and secreting new one. to overcome biophysical constraints

Question 8

Locomotion

Answer 8

jointed legs help them move forward with minimal upset to its organs.

Question 9

Nervous/sensory coordination

Answer 9

evolved brain, antennae, compound or simple eyes

Question 10

Food acquisition and digestion

Answer 10

complete digestive tract. foregut, midgut and hindgut (all lined with cuticle)

Question 11

excretion and water balance

Answer 11

organs in haemocoel, bathed in body fluids. Nitrogenous waste expelled through coxal glands or malphighian tubules.

Question 12

Terrestrial excretions

Answer 12

uric acid

Question 13

aquatic excretions

Answer 13

ammonia

Question 14

haemocoel

Answer 14

body cavity where organs are bathed in bodily fluids allowing exchange of nutrients and waste

Question 15

Circulation

Answer 15

open circulation system, dorsal contractile vessel “heart”. nutrient and waste exchange, no gasses

Question 16

Respiration

Answer 16

book gills and book lungs, tracheal systems consisting of tracheae and spiracles controlled by valves.

Question 17

tracheae

Answer 17

chitin lined tubes which ramify deep within the body

Question 18

spiracles

Answer 18

external openings controlled by valves that are part of the respiratory system

Question 19

Reproduction/development

Answer 19

dioecious (separate sexes), some parthenogenic (development of gamete without fertilization)

Question 20

Tagmata

Answer 20

fusion of segments into specialized regions

Question 21

Chelicerate tagmata

Answer 21

prosoma and opisthosoma

Question 22

Myriapods tagmata

Answer 22

head and trunk

Question 23

crustaceans tagmata

Answer 23

head and pereon (cephalothorax), and pleon

Question 24

insects (hexapods)

Answer 24

head, thorax, abdomen

Question 25

serially homologous

Answer 25

same developmental origin (same original body segment) even if they have evolved different structures and functions

Question 26

Analogous

Answer 26

appendages or organs originate from different segments but with similar structure or function

Question 27

Subphylum chelicerata appendages

Answer 27

biramous (branches into two)

Question 28

prosoma (cephalothorax) appendages

Answer 28

1 pair pedipalps
1 pair chelicerae
4 pairs walking legs

Question 29

opisthosoma (abdomen) has what

Answer 29

organs

Question 30

pedipalps

Answer 30

sensory/feeding

Question 31

chelicerae

Answer 31

piercing, sucking

Question 32

Class merostomata example

Answer 32

ex: horseshoe crab

Question 33

Class merostomata features

Answer 33

shield-like cephalothorax= 1 pair of chelicerae and 5 pairs of walking legs
Abdominal appendages=book gills

Question 34

book gills

Answer 34

leaf-like respiratory structure

Question 35

Class arachnida examples

Answer 35

spiders and scorpions and ticks

Question 36

Class arachnida features

Answer 36

book lungs, celicerae=fangs in spiders, pedipalps=pincers in scorpions, cephalothorax sometimes fused with abdomen to make an unsegmented body like ticks

Question 37

book lungs

Answer 37

invaginations of ventral body wall divided into leaf-like lamellae

Question 38

Subphylum myriapoda appendages

Answer 38

uniramous

Question 39

uniramous

Answer 39

means that the appendage doesn’t split

Question 40

head (myriapoda)

Answer 40

1 pair antennae (sensory)
1 pair mandibles
1 (diplopoda) or 2 (chilopoda) pairs of maxillae

Question 41

trunk

Answer 41

many pairs of walking legs

Question 42

mandibles

Answer 42

grinding and tearing mouthpart derived from anterior head appendages

Question 43

maxillae

Answer 43

mouthparts just posterior to the mandible

Question 44

Class diplopoda

Answer 44

millipedes. 2 pairs of appendages per trunk segment. cylindrical.

Question 45

Class chilopoda

Answer 45

centipedes. 1 pair of appendages per trunk segment. flattened dorsoventrally. large pair of fangs (maxillipeds)

Question 46

Class malacostraca example

Answer 46

crayfish

Question 47

head and pereon

Answer 47

2 pairs antennae
1 pair mandibles
1 pair maxillae (moves food to mouth)
1 pair maxillae (moves water to gill chambers)
3 pairs maxillipeds 
1 pair chelipeds
4 pairs pereopods

Question 48

pleon

Answer 48

5 pairs pleopods
1 uropod
1 telson

Question 49

maxilllipeds

Answer 49

hold food, sensory

Question 50

Chelipeds

Answer 50

claws for grasping food

Question 51

pereopods

Answer 51

walking legs

Question 52

pleopods

Answer 52

swimmerets, reproduction and locomotion

Question 53

head (insecta)

Answer 53

1 pair antennae
1 pair mandibles
1 pair maxillae
labrum and labium

Question 54

thorax

Answer 54

3 pair legs

2 pair of wings (usually)

Question 55

Insecta order lepidoptera

Answer 55

butterflies/moths

Question 56

Insecta order orthoptera

Answer 56

grasshopers, mantids

Question 57

Insecta order hymenoptera

Answer 57

bees, wasps and ants

Question 58

Insecta order homoptera

Answer 58

cicadas

Question 59

Insecta order coleoptera

Answer 59

Beetles

Question 60

Insecta order hemiptera

Answer 60

bugs

Question 61

Insecta order odonata

Answer 61

dragonflies, damselflies

Question 62

Insecta order diptera

Answer 62

flies