Lab 4 Vocab (Arthropods) Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum arthropoda 5 subphyla

A

Trilobitomorpha, chelicerata, crustacea, myriapoda, hexapoda

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2
Q

Subphyla chelicerata 2 classes

A

merostomata, arachnida

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3
Q

Subphyla crustacea class

A

malacostraca

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4
Q

Subphyla myriapoda 2 classes

A

diplopoda, chilopoda

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5
Q

Subphyla hexapoda class

A

insecta

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6
Q

Exoskeleton

A

big number of advantages, attachment site for internalized muscles, structural support, support from desiccation and allows appendages to function as levers. light and flexible, but with biophysical constraints since non growing.

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7
Q

Ecdysis

A

moulting: shedding exoskeleton (old cuticle) and secreting new one. to overcome biophysical constraints

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8
Q

Locomotion

A

jointed legs help them move forward with minimal upset to its organs.

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9
Q

Nervous/sensory coordination

A

evolved brain, antennae, compound or simple eyes

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10
Q

Food acquisition and digestion

A

complete digestive tract. foregut, midgut and hindgut (all lined with cuticle)

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11
Q

excretion and water balance

A

organs in haemocoel, bathed in body fluids. Nitrogenous waste expelled through coxal glands or malphighian tubules.

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12
Q

Terrestrial excretions

A

uric acid

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13
Q

aquatic excretions

A

ammonia

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14
Q

haemocoel

A

body cavity where organs are bathed in bodily fluids allowing exchange of nutrients and waste

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15
Q

Circulation

A

open circulation system, dorsal contractile vessel “heart”. nutrient and waste exchange, no gasses

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16
Q

Respiration

A

book gills and book lungs, tracheal systems consisting of tracheae and spiracles controlled by valves.

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17
Q

tracheae

A

chitin lined tubes which ramify deep within the body

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18
Q

spiracles

A

external openings controlled by valves that are part of the respiratory system

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19
Q

Reproduction/development

A

dioecious (separate sexes), some parthenogenic (development of gamete without fertilization)

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20
Q

Tagmata

A

fusion of segments into specialized regions

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21
Q

Chelicerate tagmata

A

prosoma and opisthosoma

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22
Q

Myriapods tagmata

A

head and trunk

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23
Q

crustaceans tagmata

A

head and pereon (cephalothorax), and pleon

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24
Q

insects (hexapods)

A

head, thorax, abdomen

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25
serially homologous
same developmental origin (same original body segment) even if they have evolved different structures and functions
26
Analogous
appendages or organs originate from different segments but with similar structure or function
27
Subphylum chelicerata appendages
biramous (branches into two)
28
prosoma (cephalothorax) appendages
1 pair pedipalps 1 pair chelicerae 4 pairs walking legs
29
opisthosoma (abdomen) has what
organs
30
pedipalps
sensory/feeding
31
chelicerae
piercing, sucking
32
Class merostomata example
ex: horseshoe crab
33
Class merostomata features
shield-like cephalothorax= 1 pair of chelicerae and 5 pairs of walking legs Abdominal appendages=book gills
34
book gills
leaf-like respiratory structure
35
Class arachnida examples
spiders and scorpions and ticks
36
Class arachnida features
book lungs, celicerae=fangs in spiders, pedipalps=pincers in scorpions, cephalothorax sometimes fused with abdomen to make an unsegmented body like ticks
37
book lungs
invaginations of ventral body wall divided into leaf-like lamellae
38
Subphylum myriapoda appendages
uniramous
39
uniramous
means that the appendage doesn't split
40
head (myriapoda)
1 pair antennae (sensory) 1 pair mandibles 1 (diplopoda) or 2 (chilopoda) pairs of maxillae
41
trunk
many pairs of walking legs
42
mandibles
grinding and tearing mouthpart derived from anterior head appendages
43
maxillae
mouthparts just posterior to the mandible
44
Class diplopoda
millipedes. 2 pairs of appendages per trunk segment. cylindrical.
45
Class chilopoda
centipedes. 1 pair of appendages per trunk segment. flattened dorsoventrally. large pair of fangs (maxillipeds)
46
Class malacostraca example
crayfish
47
head and pereon
``` 2 pairs antennae 1 pair mandibles 1 pair maxillae (moves food to mouth) 1 pair maxillae (moves water to gill chambers) 3 pairs maxillipeds 1 pair chelipeds 4 pairs pereopods ```
48
pleon
5 pairs pleopods 1 uropod 1 telson
49
maxilllipeds
hold food, sensory
50
Chelipeds
claws for grasping food
51
pereopods
walking legs
52
pleopods
swimmerets, reproduction and locomotion
53
head (insecta)
1 pair antennae 1 pair mandibles 1 pair maxillae labrum and labium
54
thorax
3 pair legs | 2 pair of wings (usually)
55
Insecta order lepidoptera
butterflies/moths
56
Insecta order orthoptera
grasshopers, mantids
57
Insecta order hymenoptera
bees, wasps and ants
58
Insecta order homoptera
cicadas
59
Insecta order coleoptera
Beetles
60
Insecta order hemiptera
bugs
61
Insecta order odonata
dragonflies, damselflies
62
Insecta order diptera
flies