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Zoology > Lab 4 Study Notes > Flashcards

Lab 4 Study Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Last phylum in Clade lophotrochozoa?

A

Mollusca

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2
Q

Second phylum in Clade ecdysozoa?

A

Arthropoda

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3
Q

What type of development do the invertebrates studied have so far?

A

Protosome type development

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4
Q

Using the proposed molecular phylogeny, what clade is phylum mollusca in?

A

Lophotrochozoa

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5
Q

Using traditional morphology based phylogeny, what phyla is mollusca grouped with?

A

Annelida and Arthropoda

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6
Q

How many classes are in phylum mollusca?

A

8 classes

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7
Q

What 3 classes of mollusca are studied in lab 4?

A

Class gastropoda, bivalvia, and cephalopoda

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8
Q

What 4 characteristic features do the animals in mollusca share?

A

1) a hard external shell 2) a shell-secreting structure called the mantle 3) a visceral mass containing most of the organs 4) a muscular foot used for locomotion

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9
Q

Why is a mussel a bivalve?

A

Because its shell is made of two parts

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10
Q

Where are mussels found?

A

Both marine and freshwater habitats but all are aquatic

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11
Q

All bivalves are filter-feeders. What does this mean?

A

It means they draw in and then expel water, and their morphology reflects specialization for this kind of lifestyle

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12
Q

What are the types of specialization that bivalves do?

A

1) some are sedentary and anchor themselves in place 2) others can use their muscular foot to slowly locomote

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13
Q

What bivalve was dissected in lab 4?

A

A mussel

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14
Q

What is the umbo?

A

It is the bump that is the oldest part of the shell. A mussel’s valves are held together by a hinge near the umbo.

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15
Q

How is a wooden peg used by a mussel?

A

It is used to keep the shell halves apart but it is necessary to cut through the anterior and posterior adductor muscles before opening it

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16
Q

When the mussel has been opened, what is the flap of tissue first observed?

A

It is called the mantle and secretes the shell. (If debris gets stuck between the mantle and shell, the mantle will secrete layers around it.)

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17
Q

What are the two mantle flaps observed at one end of the mussel?

A

These flaps form the excurrent and incurrent siphons

A = excurrent siphon 
B= incurrent siphon
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18
Q

In a mussel, what has an intricately folded appearence?

A

The gills and they function in respiration

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19
Q

Tell me about the heart of a mussel. Where is it located? What are it’s characteristics?

A

It is located in the pericardial cavity which is a greatly reduced true coelom

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20
Q

What does the mussel’s visceral mass contain?

A

It contains organs like the gonads, digestive gland, intestine and stomach (this all makes up clam chowder! Ewww…)

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21
Q

Which class of mollusca is the largest and most diverse?

A

Class gastropoda

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22
Q

What kinds of animals does class gastropoda include?

A

Snails, slugs, whelks, and limpets.

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23
Q

Where can you find the class gastropoda?

A

In freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats

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24
Q

What characterizes class gastropoda?

A

1)Most members have a long flat foot used for locomotion 2) distinct head with eyes and tentacles 3) visceral mass is located dorsally and housed within a spiral shell

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25
Q

The spires of a gastropods shell may show right or left side coiling. What’s this called?

A

This is called dextral and sinister coiling respectively

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26
Q

How do gastropods eat?

A

They are herbivores that use their radula to scrape vegetation in their mouth

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27
Q

What gastropods were examined in lab 4?

A

2 different species of live aquatic pond snails

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28
Q

What sets cephalopods apart from other mollusks?

A

1) they either have a greatly reduced and internalized shell or no shell at all 2) rather than a large muscular foot, it is differentiated into arms and tentacles that aid in grasping prey 3) they have a closed circulatory system

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29
Q

Nervous system of cephalopods?

A

Is extremely sophisticated and they are capable of learning complex tasks

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30
Q

Where do cephalopods live?

A

They are all marine and make for good predators in their habitats

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31
Q

What cephalopod was observed in lab 4?

A

A squid

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32
Q

How do the tentacles and arms of a squid differ in size and morphology?

A

There are many arms which are small with suckers all around while the there are 2 tentacles with suckers only at the ends. The tentacles are also much longer than the arms

33
Q

What does the siphon on the posterior surface of a squid do?

A

It is where the squid expels water after taking it into the mantle cavity. Squids use this to propel themselves!!

Number 2 = siphon

34
Q

What is the edge of the mantle beside the eye known as?

A

Known as the collar

35
Q

What is the pen of a squid?

A

A projection of the mantle with a hard structure inside, on the anterior side of a squid

36
Q

Where is the radula in a squid found?

A

It is found inside the mouth

37
Q

Which animal phylum contains the most animals and individuals?

A

The arthropods

38
Q

Where are arthropods found?

A

In almost any environment. From the bottom of the ocean to deserts to mountain tops

39
Q

How do arthropods feed?

A

They can be filter feeders, herbivores, carnivores and parasites

40
Q

What sets the arthropods apart?

A

1) have a cuticle that is more elaborate and forms a tough exoskeleton that is shed as the animal grows 2) they have external segmentation (like annelids) but this is not as obvious in modern arthropods since segments become fused into specialized regions called tagmata

41
Q

The four living subphyla of Arthropoda?

A

1) Chelicerata 2) Myriapoda 3) Crustacea 4) Hexapoda

42
Q

How do Chelicerata feed?

A

They have distinctive pincer-like appendages called chelicerae and also pedipalps that aid in feeding

43
Q

How can the Chelicerata be identified?

A

1) distinctive mouthparts 2) presence of 8 walking legs 3) have simple eyes

44
Q

Animals in Chelicerata?

A

Horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, mites

45
Q

Spiders?

A

1) All carnivorous 2) 8 walking legs 3) Chelicerae and pedipalp 4) 2 tagmata 5) Three pairs of spinnerets on posterior end which helps spiders spin webs from their silk glands

46
Q

Two most well known groups in Myriapoda?

A

Millipedes and centipedes

47
Q

How do Myriapoda feed?

A

With the chewing mouthparts, maxillae and mandibles (not related but Myriapoda can also have antennae)

48
Q

How many legs on each segment and how many tagmata in a centipede?

A

1) 2 legs on each segment 2) many tagmata! (I think!)

49
Q

Characteristics of Crustacea?

A

1) in larger species, the exoskeleton is hardened on the dorsal side to form a carapace 2) have mandible and maxillae for feeding 3) antennae may be present but doesn’t have to

50
Q

Members of crustaceans?

A

Crabs, shrimps, lobsters, copepods (most marine)

51
Q

Crustacean dissected in lab 4?

A

A crayfish

52
Q

What is the most diverse and largest subphylum of Arthropoda?

A

Hexapoda and they can be found in almost any habitat! Many capable of powered flight and most have two pairs of wings Many also undergo metamorphosis

53
Q

What Hexapoda was dissected in lab 4?

A

A grasshopper

54
Q

What are the small dots found along the side of a grasshopper?

A

Spiracles and they’re the opening to the trachae These flexible air tubes connect to air sacs and have very fine branchings to deliver oxygen directly to cells

55
Q

What is the hemocoel?

A

Arthropods are true coelomates but the space between the body wall and digestive tract is the hemocoel. This is cuz it’s filled with a colourless circulatory fluid called hemolymph This fluid is pumped by a long tubular heart

56
Q

What runs along with the body of a grasshopper?

A

The ventral nerve cord The expanded regions (ganglia) of the nerve cord can be observed in each body segment

57
Q

Fruit fly anatomy?

A

3 tagmata present in fruit fly Compound eyes

58
Q

Two types of metamorphoses?

A

Complete and incomplete

59
Q
A
60
Q
A
61
Q
A
62
Q
A
63
Q
A
64
Q
A
65
Q
A
66
Q
A
67
Q

Clade?
Phylum ?
Subphylum?

A 
Clade = ecdysozoa 
Phylum = arthropoda 
Subphylum = chelicerata
68
Q

How is the squid exchanging oxygen ?

A
69
Q

Detect squid radula

A

This is what it is supposed to look like.

70
Q

Clade ?
Phylum?
Class?

A

Clade= lophotrochozoa
Mollusca
Class = cephalopoda

71
Q

Clade ?
Phylum ?
Class ?

A 
Clade = lophotrochozoa 
Phylum = Mollusca 
Class = Gastropoda
72
Q

Clade ?
Phylum?
class ?

A

Lophotrochozoa
Mollusca
Class = bivalvia

73
Q

Clade?
Phylum?
subphylum?

A

Ecdysozoa
Phylum = Arthropoda
Subphylum = myriapoda

74
Q

Clade
Phylum
Subphylum

A

Ecdysozoa
phylum = Arthropoda
subphylum = Hexapoda

75
Q

Clade
Phylum
subphylum ?

A 
Clade = Ecdysozoa 
Phylum = Arthropoda 
Subphylum = hexapoda
76
Q
A
77
Q

NAME ?

A

Snail radula

78
Q

Clade
Phylum?
Subphylum?

A

Ecdysozoa
Arthropoda
Crustacea

Zoology (5 decks)

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