LAB #4: LIFE & ENERGY DEPENDENCY

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

it is the ability to move things. It comes in several forms (i.e. gas & food)

Question 2

What is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms on Earth?

Answer 2

The sun

but some organisms can’t directly utilize sun for cells’ energy needs.

Question 3

What is photosynthesis and what is happening?

Answer 3

solar energy is captured and converted into chemical energy. During this process, plants use CO2 and water from the soil to produce glucose and Oxygen. Sun provides energy to complete chemical reactions.

Question 4

What happens to the glucose formed during photosynthesis?

Answer 4

it gets stored in plant cells; plants and many animals use it to produce energy (for their cells)

Question 5

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 5

when cells release stored energy by combustion, cells “burn” glucose to release stored energy in this process.

Question 6

What do cellular respiration reactions result in?

Answer 6

production of CO2, water vapor and heat (which is released in atmosphere)<-ATP

Question 7

What is important about ATP?

Answer 7

it provides the immediate energy that cells need to perform chemical reactions
-All living cells produce it and do it 24/7

Question 8

Important Fact

Cellular Respiration:

Answer 8

materials required for photosynthesis (CO2 and Water) come from cellular respiration and the products of photosynthesis (glucose & oxygen) are required for cellular respiration.

Question 9

Energy Flows in Biosphere

Answer 9

Solar Energy

• Photosynthesis
• -(glucose/oxygen)
• –Cellular Respiration
• —cell energy >heat (ATP)
• —-water/CO2
• process repeats*

Question 10

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 10

in both plants and animals; in the MITOCHONDRIA

Question 11

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 11

in the Chloroplast

Question 12

What is glycolysis?

Answer 12

The breakdown of a glucose molecule to produce another type of molecule (it is a chemical reaction).
Energy is released from breakdown of glucose and some of it is captured to form ATP.

Question 13

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 13

in the chloroplasm of a cell (look like coins stacked up)

Question 14

What happens to pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis?

Answer 14

It depends if a cell has access to oxygen.

• if oxygen is available, pyruvic acid is used in cellular respiration generating ATP.
• • if not: fermentation occurs

Question 15

What are photopigments?

Answer 15

how plants capture visible light energy using chemicals (e.x. chloroplasts)

Question 16

What all occurs in mitochondria?

Answer 16

ATP

• CO2
• -Water

Question 17

Chlorophyll captures what?

Answer 17

red and blue wavelengths of visible light

it reflects the green wavelength of light, which is why it looks green

Question 18

What all happens in the chloroplasts?

Answer 18

photosynthesis, glucose and oxygen

Question 19

You are most likely to find chlorophyll and chloroplasts where?

Answer 19

in leaves, the plants organs where photosynthesis takes place

Question 20

90% of the oxygen in the atmosphere comes from where?

Answer 20

oceanic plankton

Question 21

If CO2 levels continue on this trend for 100 years, Earth’s average temperature will be?

Answer 21

it will rise about 2 degrees Celsius, creating global warming

Question 22

What are some consequences of global warming?

Answer 22

It will melt the polar ice caps, raising sea level, flooding cities. Global precipitation patterns would also change, changing agriculture

Question 23

What is the point of this lab?

Answer 23

to detect energy manipulations

Question 24

What is Methylene blue used or

Answer 24

to detect cellular respiration

Question 25

Methylene blue color changes:

Answer 25

it is normally blue, but when protons & electrons are being released by chemicals during respiration, causing the dye to become colorless

Question 26

What phenol red used for?

Answer 26

it is used to tell us about the concentration of carbon-dioxide in a solution

Question 27

Phenol Red color changes:

Answer 27

Normally Orange, when you add carbon-dioxide to it, it becomes yellow in color. When CO2 concentration does down, the solution turns hot pink in color.