LAB #4: LIFE & ENERGY DEPENDENCY Flashcards
What is energy?
it is the ability to move things. It comes in several forms (i.e. gas & food)
What is the ultimate source of energy for all organisms on Earth?
The sun
but some organisms can’t directly utilize sun for cells’ energy needs.
What is photosynthesis and what is happening?
solar energy is captured and converted into chemical energy. During this process, plants use CO2 and water from the soil to produce glucose and Oxygen. Sun provides energy to complete chemical reactions.
What happens to the glucose formed during photosynthesis?
it gets stored in plant cells; plants and many animals use it to produce energy (for their cells)
What is cellular respiration?
when cells release stored energy by combustion, cells “burn” glucose to release stored energy in this process.
What do cellular respiration reactions result in?
production of CO2, water vapor and heat (which is released in atmosphere)<-ATP
What is important about ATP?
it provides the immediate energy that cells need to perform chemical reactions
-All living cells produce it and do it 24/7
Important Fact
Cellular Respiration:
materials required for photosynthesis (CO2 and Water) come from cellular respiration and the products of photosynthesis (glucose & oxygen) are required for cellular respiration.
Energy Flows in Biosphere
Solar Energy
- Photosynthesis
- -(glucose/oxygen)
- –Cellular Respiration
- —cell energy >heat (ATP)
- —-water/CO2
- process repeats*
Where does cellular respiration occur?
in both plants and animals; in the MITOCHONDRIA
Where does photosynthesis occur?
in the Chloroplast
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of a glucose molecule to produce another type of molecule (it is a chemical reaction).
Energy is released from breakdown of glucose and some of it is captured to form ATP.
Where does glycolysis occur?
in the chloroplasm of a cell (look like coins stacked up)
What happens to pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis?
It depends if a cell has access to oxygen.
- if oxygen is available, pyruvic acid is used in cellular respiration generating ATP.
- if not: fermentation occurs
What are photopigments?
how plants capture visible light energy using chemicals (e.x. chloroplasts)
What all occurs in mitochondria?
ATP
- CO2
- -Water
Chlorophyll captures what?
red and blue wavelengths of visible light
it reflects the green wavelength of light, which is why it looks green
What all happens in the chloroplasts?
photosynthesis, glucose and oxygen
You are most likely to find chlorophyll and chloroplasts where?
in leaves, the plants organs where photosynthesis takes place
90% of the oxygen in the atmosphere comes from where?
oceanic plankton
If CO2 levels continue on this trend for 100 years, Earth’s average temperature will be?
it will rise about 2 degrees Celsius, creating global warming
What are some consequences of global warming?
It will melt the polar ice caps, raising sea level, flooding cities. Global precipitation patterns would also change, changing agriculture
What is the point of this lab?
to detect energy manipulations
What is Methylene blue used or
to detect cellular respiration
Methylene blue color changes:
it is normally blue, but when protons & electrons are being released by chemicals during respiration, causing the dye to become colorless
What phenol red used for?
it is used to tell us about the concentration of carbon-dioxide in a solution
Phenol Red color changes:
Normally Orange, when you add carbon-dioxide to it, it becomes yellow in color. When CO2 concentration does down, the solution turns hot pink in color.
