Lab 4: Bones and Joints Flashcards
manubrium
upper aspect of sternum, trapezoid in shape
gladiolus/sternal body
body of sternum, connects ribs via cartilage
xiphoid process
small, cartilaginous extension of the sternum
what aspect of sternum articulates with the clavicle?
The manubrium, the upper part of the sternum, articulates with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint.
jugular notch
between clavicles at superior portion of manubrium
sternal angle
joint between manubrium and body of sternum. Used to identify 2nd rib, and level between 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae
Why would identifying the location of the xiphoid process be important for health care providers?
serves as a crucial anatomical landmark for various medical procedures and practices
During chest compressions you want to avoid this area in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is possible to fracture or dislodge the xiphoid process, potentially leading to punctures or lacerations of the diaphragm. Furthermore, inadvertent liver puncture resulting in life-threatening internal bleeding can occur.
head
flat end/top attaches to other bones
tubercle of rib
bony prominence on the external surface of the rib that serves as an attachment site for muscles and ligaments
Tubercle of the first rib
The articular facet is located on the tubercle of the first rib and articulates with the transverse costal facet of the first thoracic vertebra
articular facets on rib
smooth, round areas on the head and tubercle of the ribs that allow them to articulate with the vertebrae
Articular facets on tubercles
Articular facets on tubercles are only present on the first to tenth ribs.
body of thoracic vertebrae
largest part, anterior side
articular facets on thoracic vertebrae
the regions of contact between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
flat, point up/down for superior/inferior
large degree of movement (puts at risk for acute force, move them relative to one another)
-allows flexion, forward and backward movement
How do the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae?
Costovertebral joints:
The head of the rib articulates with the superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebra, and the inferior costal facet of the vertebra above. The first rib only articulates with the T1 vertebra, and the lowest three ribs only articulate with their own vertebral body.
Costotransverse joints:
The tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse costal facet of the corresponding vertebra
clavicle
sternal end, acromial end
scapula
coracoid process, acromion process, spine, lateral and medial border, glenoid cavity
humerous
greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, deltoid tuberosity, lateral and medial epicondyles, olecranon fossa, capitulum, trochlea
radius
head, styloid process, radial tuberosity
ulna
olecranon process, trochlear notch, coronoid process, radial notch of ulna, styloid process
How do you define the axial skeleton? How is it different from the appendicular skeleton?
Your axial skeleton is made up of the bones in your head, neck, back and chest. Your appendicular skeleton is made up of everything else — the bones that attach (append) to your axial skeleton
What kind of cartilage comprises the articular cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
What are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint? What do you notice about their names?
Acromioclavicular ligament – runs horizontally from the acromion to the lateral clavicle. It covers the joint capsule, reinforcing its superior aspect.
Coracoclavicular Ligament (Two Parts):
Conoid ligament – runs vertically from the coracoid process of the scapula to the conoid tubercle of the clavicle.
Trapezoid ligament – runs from the coracoid process of the scapula to the trapezoid line of the clavicle.
Whether it be on a ski hill or soccer field, there are many people who have separated or dislocated their shoulders. Are they referring to the same thing? Compare and contrast these injuries.
A shoulder separation occurs when the ligaments connecting the clavicle (collarbone) to the scapula (shoulder blade) are stretched or torn, affecting the acromioclavicular (AC) joint.
A shoulder dislocation occurs when the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) is forced out of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, the socket that holds the ball of the shoulder joint. The glenohumeral joint (ball-and-socket joint).
Glenohumeral joint is most prone to dislocations:
is known for its extensive range of motion and allows for movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. No other joint in the body allows for more range of movement than this joint. Most dislocations occur anteriorly, when the arm is abducted and externally rotated. Anterior dislocations account for approximately 95% of all shoulder dislocations, often resulting from trauma or extreme rotation
At what joint does plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the foot occur? What about inversion and eversion? What are the major articulating sites of those actions?
Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion:
These movements occur at the ankle joint, a hinge joint that allows movement in one plane. Plantar flexion is when the heel is lifted off the ground or the toes are pointed down, while dorsiflexion is when the top of the foot moves toward the leg.
Inversion and eversion;
These movements occur at the subtalar joint and other joints in the foot. Inversion is when the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline, while eversion is when the bottom of the foot is turned away from the midline
