Lab 4 Flashcards
what is enteral nutrition
- nutrients given via the GI tract
why is enteral nutrition used?
- when the patient cannot ingest food thru their mouth
- but they are still able to digest & absorb nutrients
what is a nasogastric or nasointestinal tube
- feeding tube inserted thru the nose into the stomach or intestine
what is an orogastric or orointestinal tube
= feeding tube inserted thru the mouth into the stomach or intestine
what is a gastrostomy
- feeding tube surgically placed thru a stoma into the stomach
what is a jejunostomy
- feed tube placed thru a stoma into the jejunum
what is a stoma
- surgically created opening
list some indications for enteral nutrition
- cancer
- critical illness or trauma
- neuro or muscular disorders
- GI disorders
- other
what types of cancer indicate enteral feeding
- head & neck
- upper GI tract
list some examples of critical illnesses or trauma that indicates enteral feeding
- resp failure with prolonged intubation or inadequate oral intake
- pts in critical care with suspected/evidence of catabolism
- trauma patients, espeically with hypermetabolic state (ex. burns)
what are some examples of neuro or muscular disorders that indicate enteral feeding(5)
- stroke
- brain neoplasm
- cerebrovascular accidents
- neuromuscular disorders (ex. parkinsons, MS)
- dementia
what are some examples of GI disorders that indicate enteral feeding (3)
- enterocutaneous fistula
- inflammatory bowel disease
- mild pancreatitis
what are some examples of other situations that indicate enteral feeding (5)
- inadequate oral intake
- continuous feedings
- anorexia nervosa
- difficulty chewing or swallowing
- severe depression
what is a large-bore (diameter) sump tubing nasogastric tube used for>
-both decompression and short-term enteral feeding
what is small bore, silastic tubing with an insertion stylet used for
- longer-term feeding
why are small bore nasogastric or nasojejunal tubes preferred over large-bore tubes?
- reduce patient discomfort & gastric erosion
- can be used over long periods
why might a large tube be used first and then switched to a small?
- might be used to start the tube feed, and if the patient tolerates it for the first 24-48 hrs, a small-bore tube is then inserted
why might the physician choose to leave both the small bore tube & the large bore sump in at the same time?
- for gastric decompression
- to prevent vomitting & aspiration
what period of time are nasoenteral tubes used for?
- less than 6 weeks
what kind of tubes are preferred for long term feeding (>4 weeks)? why?
- surgical or endoscopically placed tubes
- to reduce the discomfort of a nasal tube and provide more secure, reliable access
what is gastroparesis
- decreased or absent innervation to the stomach, causing decreased gastric emptying
pts with gastroparesis, esophageal refluc, risk of aspiration, and history of aspiration pneumonia, require…
- placement of tubes beyond the stomach into the intestine
who inserts the nasoenteral tube and can administer enteral feedings?
- the nurse can insert
- nurse & others (including family in a home setting) can administer
how can tube placement be verified? when should it be verified?
- via Xray examination
- BEFORE the pt received their first enteral feeding