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Biology of Mammals Lab > Lab 4 > Flashcards

Lab 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Tree shrews Order

A

Scandentia

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2
Q

Colugo Order

A

Dermoptera

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3
Q

Monkeys, apes, humans, etc. Order

A

Primates

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4
Q

Anteaters and sloths Order

A

Pilosa

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5
Q

Armadillos Order

A

Cingulata

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6
Q

Pilosa and Cingelada Superorder

A

Xenarthra

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7
Q

Hedgehogs Order

A

Eulipotyphla

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8
Q

Golden moles, otter shrews, tenrecs order

A

Afrosoricida

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9
Q

Aardvarks Order

super Order

A

Tubulidentata

Afrotheria

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10
Q

Pangolins Order

A

Pholidota

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11
Q

What animals were included in the old order “Edentate”?

A

Pangolins, Aardvarks, Sloths, Anteaters, Armadillos

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12
Q

What was “Edentate” based off of? How are these animals similar?

A

Morphology
toothless
usually long snout
smooth skull

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13
Q

What is the new phylogeny of “Edentate”

A

those animals are now all in their own order (except for sloths and anteathers = Pilosa). Based on molecular evidence.

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14
Q

What families were contained within “Insectivora”

A 
Erinaceidae
Solenodontidae
Soricidae
Tenrecidae
Talpidae 
Chrysochloridae
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15
Q

What new phylogenetic orders have come out of “Insectivora”

A 
Dermoptera
Eulipotyphla
Macroscelidea
Afrosoricida 
Scandentia
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16
Q

Afrotheria superorder contains with orders?

MASTHP

A 
Macroscelidea
Afrosoricida
Tubulidentata
Hyracoidea
Proboscidea
Sirenia
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17
Q 
Elephant shrews 
Order
Superorder
- characteristics
- dentition
- where did this order used to be?
A 
Macroscelidea
Afrotheria
large eyes and ears
long snout
F with menstrual cycle
zalambdont
Insectivora
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18
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Macroscelidea

A

lg. A.B
palatal fenestrae
complete zygomatic arch
quadrate molars

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19
Q 
Golden moles 
Order
Superorder
characteristics?
similar to what order? How? divergent or convergent
A 
Afrosoricida
Afrotheria
cone shaped skulls
lack external eyes
modified ears for detecting vibrations

fossorial - convergence with Talpidae

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20
Q

Tenrecs
Order
Superorder
characteristics

A

Afrosoricida
Afrotheria
cone shaped head
“hedgehog”

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21
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of golden mole

A

well developed Z.A.
conical shaped skull
zalambdodont upper molars

22
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of tenrecs

A

long, skinny, flat
incomplete ZA
no jugal
angular tympanic

23
Q

Aardvark
order, suborder
characteristics
feeding behaviour?

A 
Tubulidentata, afrotheria
constantly growing rootless cheek teeth 
no incisors or canines
long, thing snout
long tongues
semifossorial and myrmecophagous
24
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of tubulidentata

A

dentine prisms
no incisors or canines
long/thin snout

25
Q

Cingulata + Pilosa
superorder
characteristics

A 
Xenarthra
lowest MR
vertebral joints w/ extra articulations
ischoiosacral fusion
no incisors or true canines
incomplete ZA
26
Q

“Xenarthrous”
what is it?
what orders?
why?

A 
vertebral joints with extra articulations 
fusion of ischium and sacrum
add rigidity
pilosa and cingulata
allows them to curl up into a ball
27
Q

Cingulata

A

Dermal body armour
peg-like teeth that lack incisors and canines
unique bony shells

28
Q

Sloths
order
limb length?
dentition?

A 
Pilosa
front limbs longer than back
- hanging
peg teeth for chewing a shearing
black (lack enamel)
teeth about all equal in size
canine-like first cheek tooth
29
Q

anteater
order
dentition
adaptation to eat ants?

A

pilosa
lack teeth
cannot open jaw
tongue attached to sternum

30
Q 
Pholidota
order?
morphological characteristics
dentition
skull characteristics
A 
Pangolins
covered w. lg epidermal scales
lack teeth
cranium robust and conical
slender mandible
31
Q

pholidota distinguishing characteristics

A

smooth cranium
weak and narrow mandible
ZA incomplete

32
Q

Pholidota is morphologically similar to _____

but is most molecularly related to _____

A
  1. Xenathra

2. Carnivora

33
Q

What families are in Eulipotyphla?
SETS

These used to be in what order?

A

Solenodontidae
Doricidae
Erinaceidae
Talpidae

Insectivora

34
Q

Solenodontidae
order?
skull characteristics
Dental characteristics

A 
Eulipotyphla
no bullae
incomplete ZA
os proboscidis
grooved lower incisor
venomous lg groove on bottom second incisor
35
Q 
Erinaceidae
order?
morphological characteristics
skull characteristics 
diet, dentition
adaptations to habitat, etc.
A 
Hedgehogs
Eulipotyphla
barbless spines on back/sides
complete ZA, incomplete AB
omnivorous - bunodont
torpor
well-developed muscle allowing them to roll into ball
36
Q

Soricidae
skull features
dentition

A

shrews
incomplete ZA
no AB
fairly lg braincase
narrow mandible
1st upper incisors large, hooked and have posterior cusp
1st lower incisors long, and project horizontally (procumbent)

37
Q

what is the largest and most widely distributed family of insectivores?

A

Soricidae

38
Q

arctic shrew

distinction

A

Sorex arcticus
tricoloured
- dark on top, lighter brown sides, light undersides

39
Q

pygmy shrew

distinction

A

Sorex hoyi
very small
dark on top, light underside

40
Q

water shrew

distinction

A

Sorex palustris

larger, long tail relative to body

41
Q

montane shrew

distinction

A

Sorex monticolus
small and dusty
much lighter

42
Q

N. short-tailed shrew

distinction

A

Blarina brevicauda
large
short tail relative to body length

43
Q

how to tell between Blarina and Sorex skull

A

size - Blarina larger
dentition -
B (2 obvious red tipped teeth)
S (4 obvious red tipped teeth)

44
Q

Talpidae adaptations to habitat

A 
fossorial
fusiform body
short powerful limbs
pinnae reduced/absent
eyes poorly developed
forelimbs permanently outwards
humerus short and broad for enhanced muscle attachment
45
Q

star-nosed mole

A

Condylura cristata
excellent hearing, sense of touch and smell
hairless nose with 22 pink highly sensitive fleshy tentacles
excellent swimmer

46
Q

Dermoptera
what order did this used to be in?
what are they most closely related to?

A

Insectivora

Primates

47
Q

Dermoptera

morphological characteristics

A 
Colugos
gliders, lack opposable thumbs
herbivorous
patagium 
nocturnal
48
Q

Dermoptera
dentition
skull characteristics

A 
pectinate lower incisors
- tooth comb
nearly complete post orbital bar
first upper incisors sm. second canine-like
broad and flat palate
49
Q

Scandentia
what order did this used to be in?
skull features?
dental characteristics?

A

tree shrews
insectivora
high brain to body mass ratio
poorly developed canines and unspecialized molars

50
Q

Primate

A

lg brain
post orbital bar/plate
binocular vision but short snout
distinct lower premolar

51
Q

lemur vs squirrel monkey skull

A

Lem.

  • longer rostrum
  • postorbital bar
  • no plate

Sq.Mon

  • shorter rostrum
  • plate separating orbits from temp. fossa

Biology of Mammals Lab (7 decks)

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