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Mesa Community College BIO 160 > Lab 4 & 5 Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Lab 4 & 5 Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Collagen

A

most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles and has many important functions, including providing your skin with structure and strengthening your bones

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2
Q

Elastin

A

key protein of the extracellular matrix. It is highly elastic and present in connective tissue allowing many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting. Elastin helps skin to return to its original position when it is poked or pinched.

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3
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

a mineral of the apatite group that is the main inorganic constituent of tooth enamel and bone, although it is rare in rocks.

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4
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells

A

An immature cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. Also called blood stem cell.

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5
Q

Osteoblast

A

make bone cells

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6
Q

Osteocyte

A

bone cell

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7
Q

Osteoclast

A

destroy bone cells

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8
Q

Osteogenic stem cell

A

immature, undifferentiated bone cell

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9
Q

Bone marrow

A

a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced

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10
Q

Epiphysis

A

end of a long bone

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11
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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12
Q

Articular cartilage

A

carilage that covers the end of the bon

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13
Q

Compact bone

A

dense bones with repeating cylindrical osteons and very few spaces

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14
Q

Trabecular bone

A

Hardened bone with large spaces filled with bone marrow.

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15
Q

Periosteum

A

fibrous and though exterior connective tissue cover of bone

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16
Q

Endosteum

A

microscopic cellular lining that covers marrow space in the bone

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17
Q

Mandible

A

lower jawbone

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18
Q

Maxilla

A

upper jaw

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19
Q

Frontal bone

A

making up the bony part of the forehead, part of the bony orbital cavity holding the eye, and part of the bony part of the nose respectively

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20
Q

parietal bone

A

bone forming the central side and upper back part of each side of the skull.

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21
Q

Temporal bone

A

sides and base of the skull

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22
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheekbone

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23
Q

occipital bone

A

lower-back area of the cranium

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24
Q

Hyoid bone

A

horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage

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25
Cervical vertebrae
seven bony rings that reside in the neck between the base of the skull and the thoracic vertebrae in the trunk. Smallest.
26
Thoracic vertebrae
twelve small bones that form the vertebral spine in the upper trunk. Medium.
27
Lumbar vertebrae
consist of five individual cylindrical bones that form the spine in the lower back. Thickest.
28
sacrum
shield-shaped bony structure that is located at the base of the lumbar vertebrae and that is connected to the pelvis. Above the tail bone.
29
Coccyx
also known as the tailbone, is a small, triangular bone resembling a shortened tail located at the bottom of the spine.
30
Ribs
long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial skeleton.
31
Sternum
breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest
32
Clavicle
collarbone, is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum
33
Radius
One of the two large bones of the forearm, Larger towards hand.
34
Ulna
One of the two large bones of the forearm, Larger towards elbow.
35
Humerus
long bone in the upper arm
36
Metacarpals
any of the five bones of the hand.
37
Carpals
The eight small bones that make up the wrist. Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home. Starting near thumb, bottom layer, going counter clockwise.
38
phalanges
bones that make up the fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot
39
Femur
thighbone, upper bone of the leg or hind leg
40
Patella
kneecap
41
Fibula
long, thin and lateral bone of the lower leg.
42
Tibia
large bone located in the lower front portion of the leg
43
Tarsals
bones in the foot located between the bones of the lower leg
44
Talus
Ankle
45
Calcaneus
Heel bone
46
Metatarsals
any of the bones of the foot
47
Ilium
Biggest, uppermost part of the pelvis
48
Acetabulum
socket of the hipbone
49
Ischium
curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis
50
Pubis
either of a pair of bones forming the two sides of the pelvis.
51
Coxal bones
all the bones that make up the hip
52
Scapula
shoulder blade
53
Osteon
tructural unit of compact bone consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric cylindrical lamellae of matrix
54
Fibroblast
cell in connective tissue which produces collagen and other fibers
55
Foramen magnum
hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes
56
External acoustic meatus
ear canal
57
Mandibular fossa
where the mandible connects to the skull
58
Zygomatic arch
zygomatic bone helps form the structure of the face and orbit. It supports the eye socket and the muscles located within. There are also foramens (tunnels or holes) that allow arteries, veins and nerves to enter and exit the face and the orbit
59
Sphenoid bone
unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone.
60
Sella turcica
epression in the sphenoid bone, containing the pituitary gland
61
Ethmoid bone
unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain
62
Cribriform plate
sieve-like structure between the anterior cranial fossa and the nasal cavity
63
Inferior nasal conchae
s one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll,
64
Lacrimal
a small bone forming part of the eye socket.
65
Glenoid fossa
the concavity in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint
66
Acromion process
It is a sideways extension of the backbone on the scapula and is triangular in shape. It forms the uppermost area on your shoulder.
67
Proximal/Middle/Distal Phalanx (phalanges)
proximal is the phalanges that attaches to the hand, middle is second closest and distal is furthest
68
Hard palate (maxilla + palatine)
Maxilla - roof of mouth towards the front --- palatine - roof of mouth towards the back
69
Medial malleolus
bump on inside of ankle
70
Lateral malleolus
bump on outside of ankle
71
Calcaneus
heel bone
72
Synovial
movable joint - knee, shoulder, hip.
73
Symphysis
slight movement joints - vertebrae.
74
Suture
immovable joints - skull, teeth
75
Pubic symphysis
located between the left and right pubic bones near the midline of the body
76
Acetabulum
the socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.
77
Medial meniscus
fibrocartilage semicircular band that spans the knee joint medially
78
Lateral meniscus
fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral side of the interior of the knee joint
79
PCL
major ligament of the knee. It connects the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur. BACK of knee
80
ACL
tissue that connects the thighbone to the shinbone, at the knee.
81
MCL
wide, thick band of tissue that runs down the inner part of the knee from the thighbone (femur) to a point on the shinbone (tibia) about 4 to 6 inches from the knee.
82
LCL
thin band that runs along the outside of the knee and connects the thighbone (femur) to the fibula, which is the small bone that runs down the side of the knee and connects to the ankle.
83
Patellar ligament
extension of the quadriceps tendon. It extends from the patella, otherwise known as the kneecap
84
Patellar tendon
attaches the bottom of the kneecap (patella) to the top of the shinbone (tibia)

Mesa Community College BIO 160 (4 decks)

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