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Mesa Community College BIO 160 > Lab 4 & 5 Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Lab 4 & 5 Bones and Joints Flashcards

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1
Q

Collagen

A

most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles and has many important functions, including providing your skin with structure and strengthening your bones

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2
Q

Elastin

A

key protein of the extracellular matrix. It is highly elastic and present in connective tissue allowing many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting. Elastin helps skin to return to its original position when it is poked or pinched.

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3
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

a mineral of the apatite group that is the main inorganic constituent of tooth enamel and bone, although it is rare in rocks.

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4
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells

A

An immature cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. Also called blood stem cell.

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5
Q

Osteoblast

A

make bone cells

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6
Q

Osteocyte

A

bone cell

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7
Q

Osteoclast

A

destroy bone cells

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8
Q

Osteogenic stem cell

A

immature, undifferentiated bone cell

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9
Q

Bone marrow

A

a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced

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10
Q

Epiphysis

A

end of a long bone

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11
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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12
Q

Articular cartilage

A

carilage that covers the end of the bon

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13
Q

Compact bone

A

dense bones with repeating cylindrical osteons and very few spaces

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14
Q

Trabecular bone

A

Hardened bone with large spaces filled with bone marrow.

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15
Q

Periosteum

A

fibrous and though exterior connective tissue cover of bone

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16
Q

Endosteum

A

microscopic cellular lining that covers marrow space in the bone

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17
Q

Mandible

A

lower jawbone

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18
Q

Maxilla

A

upper jaw

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19
Q

Frontal bone

A

making up the bony part of the forehead, part of the bony orbital cavity holding the eye, and part of the bony part of the nose respectively

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20
Q

parietal bone

A

bone forming the central side and upper back part of each side of the skull.

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21
Q

Temporal bone

A

sides and base of the skull

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22
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheekbone

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23
Q

occipital bone

A

lower-back area of the cranium

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24
Q

Hyoid bone

A

horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage

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25
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

seven bony rings that reside in the neck between the base of the skull and the thoracic vertebrae in the trunk. Smallest.

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26
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

twelve small bones that form the vertebral spine in the upper trunk. Medium.

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27
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

consist of five individual cylindrical bones that form the spine in the lower back. Thickest.

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28
Q

sacrum

A

shield-shaped bony structure that is located at the base of the lumbar vertebrae and that is connected to the pelvis. Above the tail bone.

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29
Q

Coccyx

A

also known as the tailbone, is a small, triangular bone resembling a shortened tail located at the bottom of the spine.

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30
Q

Ribs

A

long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial skeleton.

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31
Q

Sternum

A

breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest

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32
Q

Clavicle

A

collarbone, is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum

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33
Q

Radius

A

One of the two large bones of the forearm, Larger towards hand.

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34
Q

Ulna

A

One of the two large bones of the forearm, Larger towards elbow.

35
Q

Humerus

A

long bone in the upper arm

36
Q

Metacarpals

A

any of the five bones of the hand.

37
Q

Carpals

A

The eight small bones that make up the wrist. Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home. Starting near thumb, bottom layer, going counter clockwise.

38
Q

phalanges

A

bones that make up the fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot

39
Q

Femur

A

thighbone, upper bone of the leg or hind leg

40
Q

Patella

A

kneecap

41
Q

Fibula

A

long, thin and lateral bone of the lower leg.

42
Q

Tibia

A

large bone located in the lower front portion of the leg

43
Q

Tarsals

A

bones in the foot located between the bones of the lower leg

44
Q

Talus

A

Ankle

45
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

46
Q

Metatarsals

A

any of the bones of the foot

47
Q

Ilium

A

Biggest, uppermost part of the pelvis

48
Q

Acetabulum

A

socket of the hipbone

49
Q

Ischium

A

curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis

50
Q

Pubis

A

either of a pair of bones forming the two sides of the pelvis.

51
Q

Coxal bones

A

all the bones that make up the hip

52
Q

Scapula

A

shoulder blade

53
Q

Osteon

A

tructural unit of compact bone consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric cylindrical lamellae of matrix

54
Q

Fibroblast

A

cell in connective tissue which produces collagen and other fibers

55
Q

Foramen magnum

A

hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

56
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

ear canal

57
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

where the mandible connects to the skull

58
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic bone helps form the structure of the face and orbit. It supports the eye socket and the muscles located within. There are also foramens (tunnels or holes) that allow arteries, veins and nerves to enter and exit the face and the orbit

59
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is situated in the middle of the skull towards the front, in front of the basilar part of the occipital bone.

60
Q

Sella turcica

A

epression in the sphenoid bone, containing the pituitary gland

61
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain

62
Q

Cribriform plate

A

sieve-like structure between the anterior cranial fossa and the nasal cavity

63
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

s one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll,

64
Q

Lacrimal

A

a small bone forming part of the eye socket.

65
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

the concavity in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint

66
Q

Acromion process

A

It is a sideways extension of the backbone on the scapula and is triangular in shape. It forms the uppermost area on your shoulder.

67
Q

Proximal/Middle/Distal Phalanx (phalanges)

A

proximal is the phalanges that attaches to the hand, middle is second closest and distal is furthest

68
Q

Hard palate (maxilla + palatine)

A

Maxilla - roof of mouth towards the front — palatine - roof of mouth towards the back

69
Q

Medial malleolus

A

bump on inside of ankle

70
Q

Lateral malleolus

A

bump on outside of ankle

71
Q

Calcaneus

A

heel bone

72
Q

Synovial

A

movable joint - knee, shoulder, hip.

73
Q

Symphysis

A

slight movement joints - vertebrae.

74
Q

Suture

A

immovable joints - skull, teeth

75
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

located between the left and right pubic bones near the midline of the body

76
Q

Acetabulum

A

the socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.

77
Q

Medial meniscus

A

fibrocartilage semicircular band that spans the knee joint medially

78
Q

Lateral meniscus

A

fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral side of the interior of the knee joint

79
Q

PCL

A

major ligament of the knee. It connects the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur. BACK of knee

80
Q

ACL

A

tissue that connects the thighbone to the shinbone, at the knee.

81
Q

MCL

A

wide, thick band of tissue that runs down the inner part of the knee from the thighbone (femur) to a point on the shinbone (tibia) about 4 to 6 inches from the knee.

82
Q

LCL

A

thin band that runs along the outside of the knee and connects the thighbone (femur) to the fibula, which is the small bone that runs down the side of the knee and connects to the ankle.

83
Q

Patellar ligament

A

extension of the quadriceps tendon. It extends from the patella, otherwise known as the kneecap

84
Q

Patellar tendon

A

attaches the bottom of the kneecap (patella) to the top of the shinbone (tibia)

Mesa Community College BIO 160 (4 decks)

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