lab 4

Question 1

chemical symbols

Answer 1

are one or two letter designation derived from the
English or Latin name of the element. The first letter in the symbol must be uppercase while the second
letter (if any) must be lowercase.

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

Within the atom, the protons and neutrons are tightly packed together

Question 3

atomic number (z)

Answer 3

The number of protons in
an atom defines the elements

Question 4

mass number (a)

Answer 4

The sum of the
number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

periods

Answer 5

The periodic table organizes all 118 elements into horizontal rows,

Question 6

groups

Answer 6

vertical columns

Question 7

main groups

Answer 7

contain elements with properties that are generally more predictable based on
the element’s position on the periodic table. Main groups include groups 1A – 8A (8 vertical columns).

Question 8

translational group

Answer 8

contain elements with properties that are generally less predictable based on the
element’s position on the periodic table. Transitional groups include groups 3B – 2B (10 columns grouped
into 8 groups) in addition to two periods composed of 14 groups between 3B and 4B

Question 9

alkali metals

Answer 9

(Group 1A), the most reactive metal group

Question 10

alkaline earth metals

Answer 10

(Group 2A)

Question 11

halogens

Answer 11

group 7A the most reactive nonmetal group

Question 12

noble gases

Answer 12

(Group 8A), which are elements that are very stable and so not very reactive compared to other
elements.

Question 13

metals

Answer 13

Metals are solid at room temperature, have high melting points, shiny appearance, and conduct heat/electricity.

Question 14

nonmetals

Answer 14

can be solid, liquid, or gas, have low melting points, dull appearance, and poor conductivity.

Question 15

metalloids

Answer 15

exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals, forming a zigzag line on the periodic table.

Question 16

isotope

Answer 16

are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes share the same atomic number (number of protons) but have different atomic masses due to varying neutron counts.

Question 17

orbits

Answer 17

are energy
levels outside the nucleus where the electrons exist and are represented by principal quantum numbers
(n). As the principal quantum number (n) increases, orbits get farther away from the nucleus and have
more energy.

Question 18

ground state

Answer 18

The atom is less stable in excited states and so must release the absorbed energy to return back to its
stable

Question 19

excited state

Answer 19

When
electrons absorb specific amounts of energy, they leap to higher energy levels

Question 20

atomic emission spectra

Answer 20

When the light from one of these flames passes
through a glass prism or crystal, a series of color lines appears.

Question 21

valence electrons

Answer 21

The outermost energy level is called the valence shell and so electrons that exist in the outermost energy
level

Question 22

core electrons

Answer 22

All other electrons in the atom, those that exist in lower energy levels