lab 4

Question 1

what is a gene and where is it found?

Answer 1

region of dna which codes protein for rna

it’s located in the locus of a chromosome

Question 2

what is are alleles and what do they do?

Answer 2

alleles are diff forms of a gene which are found at the same locus
diff alleles have diff DNA sequences which may/may not result in protein production
all alleles at the same locus code for the same protein

Question 3

what is the difference b/w homozygous and heterozygous diploids?

Answer 3

homozygous diploids have two copies of the same allele, heterozygous diploids have two diff alleles

Question 4

what is a gene pool?

Answer 4

for sexually reproducing individuals, gene pool is frequency of all the alleles in all the genes in a population

Question 5

how can gene frequency be predicted/caculated?

Answer 5

gene frequency can be predicted from allele frequency using the hardy-weinberg equation

Question 6

what are the steps to calculating alle frequency?

Answer 6

using hardy weinberg equation
p^2 (a1a1) + 2pq (a1a2) + q^2 (a2a2) = 1
both allele frequencies at a gene should add to 1
p + q = 1
ex. p = 0.7, q = 0.3

Question 7

when can genotype frequency be calculated/predicted?

Answer 7

when genetic equilibrium is reached

Question 8

what is genetic equilibrium?

Answer 8

when there are no changes in the gene pool

Question 9

what are the requirements for genetic equilibrium?

Answer 9

no gene flow (immigration/emigration)
sizeable pop (no genetic drift, random gene changes)
no mutations occurring (mutation equilibrium)
reproduction is random/there’s random mating (independent of genotype)
offsprings are inheriting random genotype combo of parents
no natural selection/natural selection isn’t acting on a particular phenotype