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Cell Bio Lab - 2415 > Lab 3 - Cells & Cell Structure > Flashcards

Lab 3 - Cells & Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are gene function and cell function coupled in prokaryotes?

A

The lack of membrane bound nuclei and organelles

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2
Q

For each type of lens, give the micrometers for each ocular division.

A 
4x = 25 um
10x = 10 um
40x = 2.5um
100x = 1.0um
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3
Q

How many um for every mm/cm?

A

1000mm/10000cm

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4
Q

What does an Oscillatoria look like?

A

Long, worm like

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5
Q

What can you see additionally in the electron micrograph?

A

Polyglucan granules in the interthylakoidal space

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6
Q

What additional details can you see in the E. coli?

A

Ribosomes and infolding of the plasma membrane

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7
Q

Why do you think the fossils are classified as prokaryotes?

A

Do to the size and structure; they look too small to be a eukaryote and look similar to the size and shape of most prokaryotes

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8
Q

What can you see in more detail on the euglena?

A

Flagellum, golgi body + mitochondria and ER

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9
Q

What is the division of labor in Volvox colonies?

A

Some cells act as the reproductive cell

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10
Q

Do prokaryotes have a cytoskeleton, undergo endocytosis and exocytosis, have ribosomes?

A

Yes. No. Yes.

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11
Q

How does a muscle cell’s structural function relate to its function in the organism?

A

Muscle cells function in the cell is to generate movement and heat. In order to do this the muscle cell has myofibrils which allows the cell the strength is needs for movement/pumping

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12
Q

How does a mesophyll’s structural function relate to its function in the organism?

A

Mesophyll creates energy for the plant cell through photosynthesis. Palisade mesophyll is long and cylindrical in shape and spongy mesophyll is spaced out to allow for gas exchange

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13
Q

How does a sperm cell’s structural function relate to its function in the organism?

A

Sperm’s function in the body is for reproduction. Sperm cells have a flagellum which allows motility in order to fertilize an egg.

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14
Q

How does a mamalian blood cell’s structural relate to its function in the organism?

A

Mamalian red blood cell’s function in the organism is to transport oxygen. I can do this because it lacks a nucleus and other big organelles in order to allow room for haemoglobin

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15
Q

How does a muscle cell’s structural component relate to its function in the organism?

A

Neuron’s allow for chemical and electrical signalling. In order to do this neurons have myelin to help conduct those signals

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16
Q

How does an Adipocyte’s structural components relate to it’s function?

A

Adipocyte’s function in the organism is to store fat for use as energy and protection. Adipocyte’s have a non-centrally located nucleus and very little cytoplasm which allows it store large fat droplets

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17
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium located? What is it’s main function?

A

Located: heart and blood vessels + air sacs in lungs

Function: filtration, diffusion and osmosis

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18
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium located? What is it’s function?

A

Location: superficial layer of skin, lines mouth and esophagus, pharynx and epiglottis

Function: Protection

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19
Q

What is the location and function of the simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Location: Surface of ovaries and lines the kidney tubules

Function: Secretion and absorption

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20
Q

Where is the simple columner epithelium located and where is it’s function?

A

Located: lines the gastrointestinal tract

Function: absorption and secretion

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21
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The function of the nucleus is store hereditary information as DNA and to coordinate cell activities

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22
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

The function of the nucleolus is to manufacture ribosomes

23
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

The function of the mitochondria is to convert oxygen and nutrients such as glucose into ATP via cellular respiration

24
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

The function of the chloroplast is to convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis

25
Q

What is the function of Rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum is to produce and process proteins that will be added to a membrane or excreted/secreted out of the cell

26
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to produce lipids, store glucose as glycogen and vice versa, as well as a role in detoxification of toxins

27
Q

What is the function of the golgi body?

A

The function of the golgi body is to modify proteins and lipids that come from ER and prepare them for transport to other parts of the cell or export outside of the cell

28
Q

What is the function of a lysosome?

A

The main function of a lysosome is to act as a compartment that houses enzymes that breakdown cellular materials that are no longer needed through hydrolysis

29
Q

What is the function of the centriole?

A

The function of the centriole is to organize microtubules and aid in cell division by guiding the alignment of chromosomes as they separate during cell division

30
Q

What is the function of Cilia and Flagella?

A

The function of cilia and flagella is to move a cell or group of cells or to transport fluid and material closer to the cell for endocytosis, by manipulating the medium the cell is in

31
Q

What is the function of a Vacuole?

A

The function of a vacuole is to provide support and structure by helping to maintain turgor pressure, storage by holding minerals, salts, proteins and water, waste disposal, protection and growth by allowing the cell to get bigger without needing new cytoplasm

32
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

The function of a cell membrane is to create a boundry; seperates cell from environment, control the movement of materials across the membrane, house enzymes and proteins for key functions

33
Q

Explain the benefit of organelles in eukaryotic cells in terms of compartmentalization.

A
  • DNA not coupled to other cell functions: complex gene regulation
  • Organelles separate from cytoplasm: each capable of specialized function
34
Q

Name a key difference between ribosomes and most other organelles.

A

Ribosomes have no membrane

35
Q

What membrane bound organelle is the nuclear envelope continuous with?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

36
Q

What is the cristae of the mitochondria?

A

An extension of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

37
Q

If the thylakoid membrane is dishes describe them.

A

All stacks: stroma
One stack: grana
One plate: thylakoid

38
Q

What factors determine the rate of penetration by passive diffusion?

A
  1. Lipid solubility (big water partition coefficient = more lipid sol)
  2. Molecular structure (electronegativity)
  3. Molecular size
  4. Other properties (ex detergents)
39
Q

How can the activity of function of the myelin sheath be reflected in the protein:lipid ratio of it’s membrane?

A

Myelin sheath conducts electro chemical charge, to do this it has more lipids than proteins in it’s membrane which allows easier passage

40
Q

What is a glycolipid?

A

A glycolipid is a lipid with carbohydrate attached via glycosidic bond

41
Q

What is a glycoprotein?

A

A glycoprotein is a protein with a carbohydrate group attached via glycosylation

42
Q

What is the function of a gap junction?

A

The function of a gap junction is to act as a channel between adjacent cells to allow for the transport of water, nutrients and cell-cell comunication

43
Q

What is the function of a tight junction?

A

A tight junction creates a tight seal that stops fluids from passing between cells

44
Q

What is the function of plasmodesmata?

A

The function of plasmodesmata is to act as a channel between adjacent plant cells that allows for the transport of water, nutrients and communication between plant cells

45
Q

What is the function of desmosomes?

A

The function of desmosomes is to pin adjacent cells together; a very strong adhesion

46
Q

Where are gap junctions found?

A

Cardiac cells

47
Q

Where are tight junctions found?

A

Stomach lining of some mammals

48
Q

Where are desmosomes found?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

49
Q

How are adherens junctions different from desmosomes, structurally?

A

Desmosomes: circular/spot shaped

Adherens: belt/band shaped

50
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

The function of microvilli is to increase the SA and therefore increase absorption of a surface

51
Q

What is the function of a bush border?

A

The function of a bush border is to increase SA and therefore absorption

52
Q

What is the function of fenestrations?

A

The function of fenestrations is to allow passage of lipid particles and other fluids

53
Q

What is the function of stacked membranes?

A

Facilitate transfer of molecules bc of the highly concentrated and ordered assembly

54
Q

What are the names of 2 popular detergents?

A

Triton-X and SDS

Cell Bio Lab - 2415 (7 decks)

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