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PHSL233 Cellular, GI and Renal > Lab 2 - Glucose Transport > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Glucose Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three regions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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2
Q

What facilities glucose transport across membrane?

A

SGLT - sodium glucose co-transporter

(Glucose coupled to sodium)

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3
Q

What is the Na+ gradient maintained by?

A

Na+ K+ ATPase

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4
Q

What sort of transporter is the Na+K+ATPase?

A

Primary active transporter (meaning it directly uses ATP to actively transport Na+ and K+)

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5
Q

Is K+ high intracellular or extracellular?

A

Intracellular (cells are like potatoes - high in K+ inside and you put salt/NaCl on the outside)

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6
Q

The mucosal side of the cell is also referred to as the..

A

Apical / luminal side (outer)

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7
Q

The serosal side of the cell can also be referred to as the…

A

Basolateral / interstitial fluid / inner

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8
Q

What does glucose move in response to?

A

A sodium gradient

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9
Q

The Na+ K+ ATPase moves how many K+ and Na+?

A

For every 2 K+ moved into the cell, 3 Na+ moved out of the cell.

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10
Q

Does the Na+ K+ ATPase move ions with or against their gradient?

A

Against

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11
Q

What direction does K+ move through leaky channels?

A

out of the cell

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12
Q

What is the glucose transporter called?

A

GLUT

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13
Q

What type of transporter is SGLT?

A

Secondary Active Co-Transporter (uses gradient to couple ions but does not directly use ATP)

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14
Q

What type of diffusion does GLUT facilitate?

A

Glucose transported by facilitated diffusion

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15
Q

What direction does Cl- move through the paracellular pathway during glucose transport?

A

Serosal / interstitutional fluid - it follows the positive charge

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16
Q

Why is Na+ the most desirable ion to couple with?

A

Because it has a chemical and electrical gradient

17
Q

In addition to the intestine what other epithelial tissue utilises Na+ coupled glucose transport?

A

The Kidney

17
Q

What SGLT is used in glucose transport in intestines?

A

SGLT 1

17
Q

What GLUT is associated with glucose transport across epithelial tissues in the intestine?

A

GLUT2

18
Q

What causes water to move through paracellular and trans cellular pathways?

A

It follows due to osmotic gradient

19
Q

What does hypernatremic mean?

A

High blood sodium levels

19
Q

How does glucose transport differ between the kidney and intestine?

A

In the intestine SGLT1 and GLUT2 are used. Whereas, in the Kidney SGLT2/GLUT2 (for proximal convoluted tubule/PCT) and SGLT1/GLUT1 (for the DCT) are used.

20
Q

What does glucosuria mean?

A

Glucose in the urine (meaning that there is some failure in glucose absorption in the kidney - therefore something wrong with GLUT1 or GLUT2)

21
Q

What carbohydrate is present in breast milk?

A

Lactose

21
Q

What causes diarrhoea?

A

To much water

When you have too much water in the body, the kidneys can’t remove the excess liquid. It starts collecting in the body, leading to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

22
Q

Which two sugars result from the breakdown of lactose during digestion?

A

Glucose and Galactose

23
Q

If someone has diarrhea what does it imply about the normal function of small intestine in relation to water absorption?

A

Disfunction fo SGLT 1

24
Q

What is meant by affinity?

A

ability to bind to something

25
Q

What effects the affinity of something?

A

Concentrations

26
Q

What is meant by capacity?

A

Ability to do something (movement)

27
Q

Does SGLT1 or SGLT2 have higher capacity?

A

SGLT2

28
Q

Does SGLT1 or SGLT2 have higher affinity?

A

SGLT1

29
Q

What percentage of glucose reabsorption is done by SGLT2?

A

90%

30
Q

How does Phlorisizin effect glucose transport?

A

It inhibits the SGLT1 - but it is reversible therefore not all transporters along the intestine are blocked at the same time so there is still some transport.

31
Q

How does Ouabain effect glucose transport?

A

It irreversibly blocks the Na+K+ATPase. Therefore once the existing Na+ gradient is depleted there is no movement of glucose.

PHSL233 Cellular, GI and Renal (12 decks)

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