Lab 2

Question 1

LUCA

Answer 1

Last universal common ancestor

Question 2

polytomies

Answer 2

unresolved portions of the phylogeny

Question 3

transformation

Answer 3

acquiring DNA from decomposing biota

Question 4

transduction

Answer 4

acquiring DNA via bacteriophages

Question 5

conjugation

Answer 5

transferring plasmids

Question 6

plasmids

Answer 6

single, ring-like chromosome and sometimes small satellite rings

Question 7

bacteria morphologies

Answer 7

spherical shaped (coccus)
rod/capsule-shaped (bacillus)
spiral-shaped (spirilliform)

Question 8

coccus shapes

Answer 8

coccus, diplococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus

Question 9

cyanobacteria

Answer 9

• blue-green algae
• express phycocyanin (blue-green pigment)
• make chlorophyll a pigments
• photoautotrophs
• fix carbon from CO2 into carbon containing molecules during photosynthesis
• producers

Question 10

bioavailable

Answer 10

-cycle nutrients

Question 11

nitrogen cycle

Answer 11

fix nitrogen from N2 in the atmosphere into other nitrogen-containing compounds that are cycled among the biota.
-required nitrogenase

Question 12

nirogenase

Answer 12

breaks the triple bond between nitrogen atoms and N2 gas.

Question 13

heterocytes

Answer 13

express genes that enable them to fix atmospheric N2 into ammonia.

Question 14

Euglena

Answer 14

free-living and parasitic protists
phototrophic
heterotrophic
mixotrophic
contain chlorophyll in their plastids
possess eyespot pigment- positively phototaxic
producers

Question 15

cellular differentiation

Answer 15

specialization

Question 16

holdfast

Answer 16

attach to substrate

Question 17

stipe

Answer 17

stem

Question 18

blades

Answer 18

surface area for photosynthesis

Question 19

Fucus

Answer 19

intertidal brown alga

Question 20

gas bladders

Answer 20

ensure blades are erect and collect solar energy

Question 21

dioecious

Answer 21

male and female reproductive tissues/gametes are found in separate individuals

Question 22

monoecious

Answer 22

a single individual possess both male and female reproductive tissues/gamates

Question 23

receptacles

Answer 23

found at tips of the blades, reproductive tissues are found

Question 24

ciliates

Answer 24

unicellular heterotrophs covered in cilia

Question 25

cilia

Answer 25

tiny, motile, hair-like projections

Question 26

paramecium

Answer 26

have large macronucleus
have small micronucleus
exchange micronuclei horizontally via conjugation

Question 27

tubulinids

Answer 27

free living, unicellular biota that inhabit freshwater and moist soils

Question 28

entamoebas

Answer 28

parasitic and cause disease

Question 29

cellular slime molds

Answer 29

develop a coenocytic pseudoplasmodium

Question 30

plasmodial slime molds

Answer 30

septate plasmodium