Lab 2 Flashcards
What are the Domains of Eukaryotes
protists, fungi, plants and animals
Eukaryotic cells contain:
-Membrane-bound nucleus that houses DNA
-Specialized organelles
-Plasma membrane
-Some with cells wall (plant cells)
What were we testing of the Physarum and what effects did it have
testing physiological state of Physarum and how it affects the speed and accuracy of food choices
What is a Paramecium (Alveolates: Ciliates)?
large, unicellular, chemoheterotrophic Protist
nuclear envelope and digestive vacuoles are easily seen
locomotion: cilia
supergroup: Chromalveolate
What are Euglena (Excavates: Euglenids)?
-unicellular flagellated organisms
-1/3 are photosynthetic => others are chemoheterotrophic
-have a flagella
-euglena’s chloroplasts are secondarily endosymbiotic
Diplomonads and Parabasalids (Trichonympha, Excavates: Parabasalids)
-chemoheterotrophic
-unicellular
-no mitochondira
-Termite endosymbiont
-Trichonympha is found in termite digestive track
–> enables termites to digest wood-pulp by releasing cellulose degrading enzymes
Fucus (Stramenopiles: Brown Algae/kelp)
-photoautotrophic
-capable of photosynthesis but is NOT A PLANT
-production of gametes allows for sexual reproduction via gametic meiosis
-multicellular specialization
–> Fronds = “leaves”
–>Stipe = “stem”
–>holdfast = “roots”
fucus reproduces through?
gametic meiosis
-oogonium with nonmotile egg cells
–>looks more open with smaller circles
–>looks skin pores cross-section
-antheridium with flagellated (motile) sperm
–>looks liked filled circles
–>no pores
Saprolegnia (Stramenopiles; Oomycota)
-not a fungus but looks and behaves like one
-multicellular
-Saprobic (secrete digestive enzymes/decomposer) or parasitic
-chemoheterotrophic
-Agricultural pathogens
–> Irish potato blight
-body is a mass of cells (Hyphae)
-multiple nuclei in single plasma membrane (coenocytes)
-sexual reproduction is Oogonium
Biomineralization in Protists
-incorporation of minerals into living tissue
-increases strength via bones or exoskeletions
-silicon or calcium
-protection from predators or environmental conditions
-Ballast for buoyancy
-increase light harvesting for photosynthesis
Foraminifera
supergroup Rhizaria
-marine chemoheterotrophs
-patterned deposits of Calcium carbonate, CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate Shells)
-global climate importance
–>moves carbon to deep-sea sediments
-Pseudopods extend out in the environment for feeding and movement
-looks like a bunch of spiral shells
Diatoms
supergroup: Stramenopiles
-photosynthetic
-photoautotrophic
–> Red algal secondary endosymbiosis
-unicellular and aquatic
-SHELL IS MADE OF SILICON DIOXIODE (SiO2)
-drift with currents
-different species bring in minerals differently to make different shells
–>evolved due to increase of Si from grassland run off
What are protist?
-an old kingdom-level group comprised of any eukaryotic lineage except land plants, animals, and fungi
-small in size
-no nucleus
-single loop of DNA
–> it’s smaller and compact
-usually unicellular
-few or no organelles
-limited structure (cytoskeleton and microtubules)
-a paraphyletic group
Physarum polycephalum (Amoebozoa: Mycetozoa)
-heterotrophic
-soil-dwelling
-protist
-doesn’t have a centralized information processing centers (no brains)
-lives in moist, shaded environments
-consumes bacteria and fungi on decaying organic matter
*decaying wood mulch on campus
-has a diploid body (plasmodium)
–>lack cells walls
–>has many individual diploid nuclei bound by a single plasma membrane
–>essentially a giant single cell
How Does Physarum polycephalum move?
-hydrostatically by contracting its cytoskeleton
–>travels up to 5 cm/hr
-pseudopods (false feet) are the individual limbs that extends from the plasmodium
