lab 2

Question 1

serve as the basis of comparison

Answer 1

control

Question 2

dependent variable data that are measured during the experiment

Answer 2

dependent variable

Question 3

those that are controlled by the experimenter, but do not change during data collection.

Answer 3

independent variable

Question 4

variables that are not
necessarily included in the experiment, but may impact the data collected.

Answer 4

external factors

Question 5

involve quantitative measurements that have a mathematical relationship
to each other.

Answer 5

numerical data

Question 6

data that
can have an infinite number of values

Answer 6

continuous data

Question 7

have a limited (finite)
number of values

Answer 7

discrete data

Question 8

discrete character states that have no direct numerical value

Answer 8

categorical data

Question 9

data that is ordered but does not have a mathematical relationship.

Answer 9

ranked data

Question 10

values that quickly summarize aspects of
our (numerical) data

Answer 10

descriptive statistics

Question 11

typically calculated separately for each treatment or experimental group, typically designated as n

Answer 11

sample size

Question 12

numerical average

Answer 12

mean

Question 13

measures the average deviation of each individual value from the mean
value of that sample

Answer 13

standard deviation

Question 14

middle value when values are ranked from low to high

Answer 14

median

Question 15

help identify whether
the mean is indeed representative of the data collected

Answer 15

standard error

Question 16

used to graph data when both the
independent and dependent variables are numerical.
These can be useful for examining the relationship
between two variables.

Answer 16

scatter plots

Question 17

used when both variables are
numerical and the goal is to determine if there is a trend
in data. This can be used to determine if there are
changes in a dependent variable over time

Answer 17

line graphs

Question 18

used
when the independent variable is discrete, ranked, or an
attribute. These graphs are useful for comparing data
sets.

Answer 18

bar graphs

Question 19

used
when the independent variable is discrete, ranked, or an
attribute. These graphs are useful for comparing data
sets.

Answer 19

histograms

Question 20

a common component of many types
of graphs, especially bar graphs. They are used to
represent the variability of data. They typically extend
symmetrically above and below the mean, as shown in
the example at right and the line graph above.

Answer 20

error bars