lab 2

Question 1

Why is it important to included biological controls in an experiment

Answer 1

they compose important parts of the cell and perform cell functions

Question 2

what are positive controls

Answer 2

an assessment that indicate what will happen if an affect or reaction occurs (shows what you expects to happen if all variables work out correctly)
- the control that shows if equiptment is functioning

Question 3

what are negative controls

Answer 3

an assessment that demonstrates the expected results if there is no effect of a treatment (used to show that something happened during the experiment)
- is not subjected to an altered condition or treamentment that other controls are

Question 4

what is an example of a positive control

Answer 4

when testing a plants growth with the use of fertilizer, this would be growing a plant in a fertilizer that is known to work already

Question 5

what is an example of a negative control

Answer 5

when testing a plants growth with the use of fertilizer, this would be growing a plant with no fertilizer

Question 6

what are the main macromolecules

Answer 6

• lipids
  -carbohydrates
• proteins
• nucleic acid

Question 7

What is the role of lipids

Answer 7

• energy storage
• are used for signaling and structural components
• compose the phosolipid bilayer in the cell

Question 8

What is the function of nucleic acid

Answer 8

• store genetic information of the cell
• makes up DNA and RNA

Question 9

What is the function of carbohydrates

Answer 9

• provide the body with ATP and energy
• commonly found as a sugar

Question 10

what are the different types of test that can be ran to find macromolecules that present

Answer 10

• benedict test
• I2/Ki
• Biuret Test

Question 11

What is the benedict test? and what is the procedure?

Answer 11

• are used to detect reducing sugars (monosaccharids….carbohydrates)
  1) you prepare your sample and add an eqaul amount of benedicts reagent to it (Cu2+)
  2) mix the two solutions together
  3) then add to a hot bath
  4) if a reducing sugar is present then it will turn a reddish colour (can also be green, orange, and red based on the concentration

Question 12

What is the I2/KI test? what is the procedure?

Answer 12

• is used to test for polysaccharids (mainly starches)
  1) prepare a test sample and add 5 drops of I2KI for every 2 mL
  2) stur
  3) if a blackish-blue colour is formed then it indicates that there is a presence of starch if it remains a red colour there is a lack of presence of this macromolecule

Question 13

What is the function of proteins/polypeptides

Answer 13

• they compose hormones, enzymes, and antibodies
• also composed insulin

Question 14

What is the biuret test? what is the procedure?

Answer 14

• detects the presence of peptide bonds (aka proteins). is caused in the change in the Cu2+ due to the structure of proteins
  1) prepare your sample
  2) for every 2 mL of sample, add 24 drops of
  NaOH followed by 6 drops of CuSO4
  3) shake
  4) if the sample turns violet there is a presence of proteins if it remains blue then there is a lack of the proteins

Question 15

What are the important parts or rules of making a table

Answer 15

• use a seperate cell for each value
• use only horizontal boarders
• clear and informative titles
• coloumn titles should be short and clear
• tables should be in numbered order
• include the units only in the titles of the coloumn
• the entire table should be self-contained (shouldn’t not have to refer to other text)

Question 16

What information can a table provide?

Answer 16

is used to display scientific information and results