lab 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is it important to included biological controls in an experiment

A

they compose important parts of the cell and perform cell functions

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2
Q

what are positive controls

A

an assessment that indicate what will happen if an affect or reaction occurs (shows what you expects to happen if all variables work out correctly)
- the control that shows if equiptment is functioning

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3
Q

what are negative controls

A

an assessment that demonstrates the expected results if there is no effect of a treatment (used to show that something happened during the experiment)
- is not subjected to an altered condition or treamentment that other controls are

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4
Q

what is an example of a positive control

A

when testing a plants growth with the use of fertilizer, this would be growing a plant in a fertilizer that is known to work already

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5
Q

what is an example of a negative control

A

when testing a plants growth with the use of fertilizer, this would be growing a plant with no fertilizer

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6
Q

what are the main macromolecules

A
  • lipids
    -carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • nucleic acid
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7
Q

What is the role of lipids

A
  • energy storage
  • are used for signaling and structural components
  • compose the phosolipid bilayer in the cell
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8
Q

What is the function of nucleic acid

A
  • store genetic information of the cell
  • makes up DNA and RNA
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9
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates

A
  • provide the body with ATP and energy
  • commonly found as a sugar
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10
Q

what are the different types of test that can be ran to find macromolecules that present

A
  • benedict test
  • I2/Ki
  • Biuret Test
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11
Q

What is the benedict test? and what is the procedure?

A
  • are used to detect reducing sugars (monosaccharids….carbohydrates)
    1) you prepare your sample and add an eqaul amount of benedicts reagent to it (Cu2+)
    2) mix the two solutions together
    3) then add to a hot bath
    4) if a reducing sugar is present then it will turn a reddish colour (can also be green, orange, and red based on the concentration
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12
Q

What is the I2/KI test? what is the procedure?

A
  • is used to test for polysaccharids (mainly starches)
    1) prepare a test sample and add 5 drops of I2KI for every 2 mL
    2) stur
    3) if a blackish-blue colour is formed then it indicates that there is a presence of starch if it remains a red colour there is a lack of presence of this macromolecule
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13
Q

What is the function of proteins/polypeptides

A
  • they compose hormones, enzymes, and antibodies
  • also composed insulin
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14
Q

What is the biuret test? what is the procedure?

A
  • detects the presence of peptide bonds (aka proteins). is caused in the change in the Cu2+ due to the structure of proteins
    1) prepare your sample
    2) for every 2 mL of sample, add 24 drops of
    NaOH followed by 6 drops of CuSO4
    3) shake
    4) if the sample turns violet there is a presence of proteins if it remains blue then there is a lack of the proteins
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15
Q

What are the important parts or rules of making a table

A
  • use a seperate cell for each value
  • use only horizontal boarders
  • clear and informative titles
  • coloumn titles should be short and clear
  • tables should be in numbered order
  • include the units only in the titles of the coloumn
  • the entire table should be self-contained (shouldn’t not have to refer to other text)
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16
Q

What information can a table provide?

A

is used to display scientific information and results

17
Q
A