Lab 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 groups of carbohydrates?
Sugar, starch( plant cells) and glycogen( animal cells), cellulose, and chitin
What is monosaccharides?
any class of sugar that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler sugar. - glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose
What forms a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides link together by glycosidic
What is a Polysaccharides
Carbohydrate molecules which are composed of very long chains of monosaccharides units bound together by glycosidic linkage
What is glycosidic?
a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.
Benedict’s Reagent
A chemical solution that changes color in the presence of monosaccharides and disaccharides (except sucrose), forms a colored precipitate
Hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water
What are lipids
They are hydrophobic because of no polar covalent bonds
What are Peptide bonds
Covalent bond formed between two amino acids, if peptide bond is present that means there is a protein
Polypeptides
Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Hydrocarbon molecules
Long chain of covalently bonded carbon saturated with hydrogen atoms
Monomers
Formed carbon chains
Polymers
Linked monomers
4 types of Macromolecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids
Enzyme
Proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
Substrate
The substance on which an enzyme acts
Active site
The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds
Enzyme-substrate complex
The fully bonded enzyme and substrate
Cofactors
Non- protein substance usually binds to the metal ion, or more complex molecule
Coenzyme
More complex organic molecules
Inhibitors
Chemicals that shut off the activity of specific enzymes
Atoms
Basic unit of a chemical element
Covalent bond
chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms
Product
The result of a where an enzyme reacts
Activators
Chemicals that must bind for an enzyme to be active
Ionic bond
A bond formed between two opposite charged ions
Non polar is what
Hydrophobic
Polar is what
Hydrophilic
Amino
H2N, considered basic
Carbonyl
O=C, polar
Carboxyl
O=C-OH, charged is acidic
Phosphate
OOOO, charged considered acidic
Hydroxyl
OH, polar
Sulfhydryl
SH, disulfide
Nucleic acids
Contain 5- carbon sugar,a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
