Lab 2

Question 1

What are the 4 groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Sugar, starch( plant cells) and glycogen( animal cells), cellulose, and chitin

Question 2

What is monosaccharides?

Answer 2

any class of sugar that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler sugar. 
- glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose

Question 3

What forms a disaccharide?

Answer 3

Two monosaccharides link together by glycosidic

Question 4

What is a Polysaccharides

Answer 4

Carbohydrate molecules which are composed of very long chains of monosaccharides units bound together by glycosidic linkage

Question 5

What is glycosidic?

Answer 5

a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.

Question 6

Benedict’s Reagent

Answer 6

A chemical solution that changes color in the presence of monosaccharides and disaccharides (except sucrose), forms a colored precipitate

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

Chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water

Question 8

What are lipids

Answer 8

They are hydrophobic because of no polar covalent bonds

Question 9

What are Peptide bonds

Answer 9

Covalent bond formed between two amino acids, if peptide bond is present that means there is a protein

Question 10

Polypeptides

Answer 10

Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 11

Hydrocarbon molecules

Answer 11

Long chain of covalently bonded carbon saturated with hydrogen atoms

Question 12

Monomers

Answer 12

Formed carbon chains

Question 13

Polymers

Answer 13

Linked monomers

Question 14

4 types of Macromolecules

Answer 14

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids

Question 15

Enzyme

Answer 15

Proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions

Question 16

Catalyst

Answer 16

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

Question 17

Substrate

Answer 17

The substance on which an enzyme acts

Question 18

Active site

Answer 18

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds

Question 19

Enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 19

The fully bonded enzyme and substrate

Question 20

Cofactors

Answer 20

Non- protein substance usually binds to the metal ion, or more complex molecule

Question 21

Coenzyme

Answer 21

More complex organic molecules

Question 22

Inhibitors

Answer 22

Chemicals that shut off the activity of specific enzymes

Question 23

Atoms

Answer 23

Basic unit of a chemical element

Question 24

Covalent bond

Answer 24

chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms

Question 25

Product

Answer 25

The result of a where an enzyme reacts

Question 26

Activators

Answer 26

Chemicals that must bind for an enzyme to be active

Question 27

Ionic bond

Answer 27

A bond formed between two opposite charged ions

Question 28

Non polar is what

Answer 28

Hydrophobic

Question 29

Polar is what

Answer 29

Hydrophilic

Question 30

Amino

Answer 30

H2N, considered basic

Question 31

Carbonyl

Answer 31

O=C, polar

Question 32

Carboxyl

Answer 32

O=C-OH, charged is acidic

Question 33

Phosphate

Answer 33

OOOO, charged considered acidic

Question 34

Hydroxyl

Answer 34

OH, polar

Question 35

Sulfhydryl

Answer 35

SH, disulfide

Question 36

Nucleic acids

Answer 36

Contain 5- carbon sugar,a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base