Lab 2

Question 0

Central canal

Answer 0

“Haversian canal” contains blood vessels that supply the osteon

Question 1

Haversian system

Answer 1

“Osteon” basic functional unit if mature compact bone

Question 2

Lamella

Answer 2

Cylindrical matrix layer that are aligned parallel to the long acid of the bone

Question 3

Lacuna

Answer 3

Small chambers that hold osteocytes and are areas sandwiched between layers of calcified matrix

Question 4

Canaliculi

Answer 4

Channels that radiate through the matrix from lacuna to lacuna and towards the free surfaces and adjacent blood vessels

Question 5

Periosteum

Answer 5

Outer urface if the bone that isolates and protects the none from surrounding tissues, providing a route and a place of attachment for circulator an nervous supply, activates participates in bone growth and repair, attaches the none to connective tissue network of the deep fascia

Question 7

Endosteum

Answer 7

inside the bone in the medullary cavity. Contains progenitor cells, covers the trabeculae of spongy bones and lines the inner surfaces of the central canals and perforating canals. Active during the growth, repair, or remodeling of the bone. Usually only one cell thick and is an incomplete layer with the bone matrix exposed.

Question 8

Bone Trabecular

Answer 8

spongy bone. Arranged into parallel struts or thick branching plates. Open framework allows it to be lighter in weight. Found wherever bones are not stressed heavily or where stresses arrive in many directions.

Question 9

Bone marrow

Answer 9

loose connective tissue inside the medullary cavity. May be yellow marrow (adipocytes) or red marrow (mature/immature RBCs and WBCs)

Question 10

Osteoblasts

Answer 10

cuboidal in shape and are found in a single layer on the inner or outer surfaces of the bone. Responsible for production of new bone or osteogenesis

Question 11

Osteocytes

Answer 11

mature bone cells that maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix.

Question 12

Osteoclasts

Answer 12

large, multicellular cells found at sites where bone is being removed. Responsible for osteolysis by secreting acids or amino acids.

Question 13

Flat Bone

Answer 13

Flat bones have thin, roughly parallel surfaces of compact bone. These bones are strong but relatively light. They can form the roof of the skull, the sternum, the ribs, and the scapulae. Flat bones also provide protection for underlying soft tissues and offer an extensive surface area for the attachment of skeletal muscles.

Question 14

Sutural Bones

Answer 14

Also known as Wormian bones. These bones are small, flat, and oddly-shaped. They can be found between the flat bones of the skull in the suture line. Sutural bones develop from separate centers of ossification, and are considered a type of flat bone.

Question 15

Pneumatized bones

Answer 15

ones that are hollow or contain many air pockets, such as the ethmoid.

Question 16

Long Bones

Answer 16

relatively long and slender. They have a diaphysis, 2 metaphyses, 2 epiphyses, and a medullary (marrow) cavity. They are found in upper and lower limbs (i.e.: humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia)

Question 17

Irregular Bones

Answer 17

Bones that have complex shapes with short, flat, notched or ridged surfaces. Their internal structure is equally varied. Examples include the vertebrae that form the spinal column and several bones in the skull.

Question 18

Seasmoid bones

Answer 18

Usually small, round, and flat. They develop inside tendons and are most often encountered near joints at the knee, the hands, and the feet. The most popular example is the sesamoid patellae, or more commonly known as your kneecaps.

Question 19

Short bones

Answer 19

are box-like in appearance. Their external surfaces are covered by compact bone, but the interior contains spongy bone. Examples include carpal bones (wrists) and tarsal bones (ankles)

Question 20

Process

Answer 20

a prominent projection of a bone eg. mastoid process of temporal bone