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Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the immovable joints in the skull called?

A

sutures

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2
Q

bones of the skull provide …

A

muscle attachment sites and protection

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3
Q

facial bones provide …

A
  1. attachment for muscles of facial expression
  2. framework of face
  3. support for digestive and respiratory system entrances (nose and mouth)
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4
Q

What are the three unique features of the skull?

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Paranasal sinuses
  3. Fontanels
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5
Q

What are sutures?

A

an immovable joint which holds most skull bones together

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6
Q

What are Paranasal sinuses?

A

4 paired air-filled spaces around nasal cavity

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7
Q

What do paranasal sinuses do?

A

lined by mucous membranes which produce secretions to clear infections and debris, then drain into nasal cavity. Also are resonating chambers that intensify sound (eg speech)

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8
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

soft spots in infants skulls

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9
Q

How many bones make up the entire skull and what is their function?

A

22 bones; protect special sense organs and brain

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10
Q

What two bone groups are there in the skull?

A

Cranial bones and Facial bones

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11
Q

How many cranial bones are there?

A

8 cranial bones forming the cranial cavity

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12
Q

Name the cranial bones

A

Frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid.

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13
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

14 facial bones forming the face

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14
Q

Name the facial bones

A

2 nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 1 vomer, 1 mandible

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15
Q

what does the frontal bone form?

A

the forehead

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16
Q

what do the parietal bones form?

A

sides/ roof of cranial cavity

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17
Q

what do the temporal bones form?

A

lateral aspects and floor of cranium

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18
Q

What does the occipital bone form?

A

posterior part and most of base of cranium

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19
Q

Which bone is in contact with ALL other cranial bones?

A

Sphenoid

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20
Q

which bone increases the surface area of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid; traps air particles and humidifies the inhaled air

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21
Q

what facial structure do the nasal bones form?

A

bridge of nose

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22
Q

What do the maxillae form?

A

Forms the upper jawbone and most of hard palate. Also separates nasal and oral cavities.

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23
Q

Which bones form the cheekbones?

A

the zygomatic bones

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24
Q

which bones are the smallest facial bones and form medial wall of orbit?

A

Lacrimal bones

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25
what is the proper name for the jawbone?
the mandible
26
what are foramen?
holes which allow veins, ligaments and nerves to pass through
27
what is a fissure?
narrow groove between bones which blood vessels or nerves pass through
28
what is a fossa?
a shallow depression for glands/ tissue
29
Where is the lacrimal sac found?
the lacrimal fossa
30
what is the largest and strongest bone of the skull?
mandible
31
what separates the nasal cavity into right and left nostrils?
the nasal septum
32
what is the only movable bone in the skull?
mandible
33
which two bones does the mandible articulate with?
the temporal bones
34
which bone is NOT attached to any other bones?
the hyoid bone
35
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
supports tongue, attachment site for muscles of tongue, neck and pharynx, keeps larynx (voice box) open
36
What are the seven bones that make up the orbit?
Sphenoid; Ethmoid; Lacrimal; Frontal; Palatine; Maxillary; Zygomatic
37
which bone separated the nasal cavity from the brain cavity?
Ethmoid
38
What do sinuses do?
membrane-lined cavities, secrete mucus, helps protect respiratory system from irritants/ infection
39
Why is the ethmoid more susceptible to infection?
due to it being one of the paranasal sinuses, and has many holes which filter air particles that are inhaled.
40
Which bone does the pituitary gland sit in?
Sphenoid bone (specifically in the Sella Turcica)
41
which bone is described as butterfly shaped?
Sphenoid bone
42
what is one issue that ay occur in sinuses?
Thrombosis (blood clots) which may cause embolism
43
What are fontanels and what do they eventually form?
Areas of unossified tissue, eventually replaced with bone to become sutures
44
what is the function of fontanels?
provide flexibility to the foetal skull, allowing skull to change shape as it passes through the birth canal. Also brain growth.
45
What is Craniosynostosis?
Premature cranial suture fusion. Causes abnormal skull shape, disabilities. Severity depends on which/ how many fontanels are affected
46
What are the 4 paired sinuses?
Frontal sinus; maxillary sinus; ethmoid sinus; sphenoid sinus
47
Sinusitis may occur if which complex is blocked?
Obstruction of Osteomeatal complex
48
What connects the paired sinuses to the nasal cavity?
Ostia (small openings)
49
Roles of sinuses:
1. immunological defence 2. lightening of skull 3. increase SA for smell (olfaction) 4. increasing voice resonance 5. buffer against head trauma 6. humifying & heating inhaled air 7. regulating intranasal pressures
50
Which group of muscles arise from bone and insert into skin?
muscles of facial expression
51
What is the main nerve innervating muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve (VII cranial nerve)
52
what is Bell's palsy?
facial paralysis due to damage of CN VII (e.g. infection)
53
Which muscle closes the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
54
Which muscle opens eye/ raises eyelid?
Levator palpebrae superioris
55
Which muscle puckers the mouth?
Orbicularis oris
56
Which muscle forms portion of cheek & assists with whistling, blowing, sucking& chewing?
Buccinator
57
Where do extrinsic muscles of eye insert?
into sclera (white of eye)
58
Where do most extrinsic eye muscles arise?
from the Annulus of Zinn
59
What are the fastest and most precisely controlled muscles in the body?
Extrinsic muscles of the eye
60
How many rectus muscles of the eye are there?
4; lateral, medial, superior, inferior
61
How many oblique muscles of the eye are there?
2; inferior and superior
62
Which cranial nerves supply the extrinsic muscles of the eye?
Oculomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV), Abducens (CN VI)
63
Which extrinsic muscles of the eye are supplied by Oculomotor (CNIII)?
superior, medial, inferior rectus and inferior oblique
64
Which extrinsic muscle of the eye is supplied by Trochlear (CNIV)?
Superior oblique
65
Which extrinsic muscle of the eye is supplied by Abducens (CNVI)?
Lateral rectus
66
adduction of eye =
eye moves inwards (towards nose)
67
abduction of eye =
eye moves outwards (away from nose)
68
Intorsion of eye =
rotation of eye towards nose
69
Extortion of eye =
rotation of eye away from nose
70
Which EOM muscles arise from the Annulus of Zinn?
All except the inferior oblique.
71
What is the Annulus of Zinn?
a ring of fibrous tissue which surrounds the optic nerve
72
What is the trochlea?
a loop of fibrous tissue that the super oblique tendon passes though.
73
What is the only EOM innervated by CN IV (trochlear)?
superior oblique

OAP (4 decks)

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