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bio 222 lab > lab > Flashcards

lab Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the basic structure unit of living organisms

A

the cell
so all living organisms are made of cells

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2
Q

are all living organisms similar

A

no they vary in shape and size and complexity form

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3
Q

number of cells in tiny organisms vs complex organisms

A

unicellular vs multicellular

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4
Q

examples for tiny organisms and complex organisms

A

tiny organisms: amoeba paramecium no bacteria
for complex organisms animals and plants cells

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5
Q

can cells ( in unicellular or multicellular be seen with naked eyes

A

no they’re hard to visualise

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6
Q

definition of microscope

A

an instrument used to examine very small objects like cells and identify them easily

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7
Q

first one to discover the cell

A

robert hooke when examining crock of plant

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8
Q

microscope is combination of two greek words what are they

A

mikros and it means small
and skopein and it means view

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9
Q

functions of microscope

A

magnification and resolution ( resolution is more important

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10
Q

types of microscope based on energy source and lens

A

light microscope and electron microscope

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11
Q

types of light microscope

A

simple light microscope , compound light microscope, and steromicroscope

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12
Q

how many lena does simple light microscope have

A

one magnifying lens

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13
Q

how many lens does compound light microscope have

A

two sets of lenses (ocular n objective)

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14
Q

when is dissecting microscope used

A

examining large and opaque specimens

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15
Q

types of objective lenses

A

low power x 4
medium power x 10
high power x 40
oil immersion x 100

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16
Q

when is coarse adjustment knob used

A

move stage up and down

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17
Q

when is fine adjustment knob used

A

used t clarify image accurately

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18
Q

what is electron microscope used for

A

studying cellular structures that cannot be seen by light microscope like mitochondria and cell membrane

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19
Q

types of electron microscope

A

transmisión electron microscope and scanning electron microscope

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20
Q

what is scanning electron microscope used for

A

study external surfaces or cells or other objects

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21
Q

what is transmission electron microscope used for

A

study the internal structure of cell

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22
Q

define microscope slide

A

a piece of transparent or plastic that hold a sample

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23
Q

types of samples

A

dry mounts wet mounts and smear

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24
Q

wet mounts used for what

A

living samples aquatic samples and transparent liquid

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25
what does the sample look like in wet mounts
very thin and as flats as possible
26
two types of biological structures
acellular and cellular structures
27
define acellular structure
group of cells that cannot perform all biological processes because they lack living cell characteristics
28
classes of cellular structure
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
29
define cellular structures
a group of cells that Can preform all biological processes
30
the nuclear membrane are in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells respectively
prokaryotic lack nuclear membrane while eukaryotic have nuclear membrane surrounding the nucleus and separates it from other component
31
describe the organelles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells respectively
prokaryotes lack organelles such mitochondria while the eukaryotic cells contain organelles that are suspended in the cytoplasm
32
examples on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells respectively
prokaryotic: bacteria green blue algae while eukaryotic amoeba paramecium plant and animal tissue
33
characteristics of eukaryotic cells
has nuclear membrane' has organelles in the cytoplasm (like chloroplasts cilia flagella vacuoles lipids protein etc)
34
examples of eukaryotic cells
chlamydomonas, spirogyra, amoeba, paramecium
35
multicellular eukaryotic cells examples
animals and plants tissues
36
animal tissues examples
skeletal muscle smooth muscles and cardiac muscles
37
ex of bacteria
coccus , rod , spirals , and fliament
38
define organisation
a biological system has been with a a specific scope snd organisational principle that
39
what are the principle levels of biological organisation
atom, molecules, cells, tissues organs, system , organism
40
how many atoms are essential to the living organisms
only 25
41
types of molecules
organic and inorganic
42
examples of organic and inorganic molecules respectively
organic include carbohydrates, protein, lipids and nuclei acid( dna /rna) inorganic include: water, mineral salt, acids, and basis
43
carbohydrate types
monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharides , polysaccharide
44
when does carbohydrates produce
during photosynthesis
45
what is carbohydrates the main source of
energy
46
what’s carbohydrates detector
alpha napthol
47
what’s lipid detector
petroleum
48
what’s protein detector
biurt solution
49
whom did discover nucleic acid
was first discovered by fredrich miescher in 1871
50
protein functions
help cell communicate, maintain their shape , carry out changes triggers by chemical messengers, transport and share materials
51
main functions of lipids
to store energy , enzymes activation, molecular transportation, and metabolism
52
nucleic acid function
store and transmit genetics information the nucleic acid use those information to synthesis new portions
53
each nucleotide contains
1-pentode sugar (either ribose (RNA)or deoxyribose) (DNA)) 2-phosphate group 3-nitrogen base (purine (A,G) and pyrimidines ( T,C,U)
54
dna has how many strands
two
55
what’s dna backbone
phosphate deoxyribose
56
dan strands are
anti parallel
57
between base pairs there are
hydrogen bonds
58
nitrogen base pairs are
A=T, G=C
59
how many bases to make genetic code
three
60
rna is
single stranded
61
rna is made by what
copying a single strand of dna
62
what does rna use in base pairs
use Uracil instead of thymine to bond with adenine
63
sugar is connected by what
phosphodiester bonds

bio 222 lab (1 decks)

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