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BIO 273 Lab > Lab 12-15 > Flashcards

Lab 12-15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What species cause Gastroenteritis?

A 
Salmonella 
Shingella
Campylobacter 
Vibrio
Rotavirus 
Norovirus
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2
Q

What are the symptoms and treatment for Gastroenteritis?

A

Symptoms: Diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, dysentery

Treatment: treat the symptoms and replace fluid and electrolytes. Also can use Trymethropin and Ampicillin

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3
Q

Salmonellosis:

What is the species, symptoms, and treatment?

A

Species= Salmonella typhi (enteric fever)

Symptoms= Severe headache, high temperature, intestinal abscesses & rupture, shock, death

Treatment= treat symptoms, can use Fluroquinoiones & cephalosporins

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4
Q

Cholera:

What is the species, symptoms, and treatment?

A

Species= Vibrio Cholerae

Symptoms= vomiting, watery/ rice-stool diarrhea

Toxin= exotoxin

Treatment= replace fluids and electrolytes

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5
Q

Ulcers and Gastritis:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Helicobacter pylori

Symptoms=
Gastritis- vomiting, nausea, stomach upset, gnawing or burning pain with eating
Ulcers- similar to Gastritis but with vomiting of blood, black stool and unexpected weight loss

Treatment= antibiotics and Antiacids

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6
Q

UTIS:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= any bacteria

Symptoms= burning pain with urination, urgent sensation to void and frequent small amounts

Treatment= tryothoprim and ciprofloxacin

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7
Q

What is urethritis?

A

Inflammation of the urethra

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8
Q

What is cytisis?

A

Inflammation of the bladder

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9
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

Inflammation of the kidney

-most severe

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10
Q

Gonorrhea:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Symptoms= pus with urination, cervicitis (women), PID

Treatment= antibiotics Azithromycin and Leftriaxone

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11
Q

Chlamydia:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= chlamydia trachomatis

Symptoms= latent, may take weeks. Vaginal/penial discharge, burning with urination, PID, neonatal conjunctivitis

Treatment= Azithromycin, Doxycycline, Erthromycin with pregnancy

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12
Q

Syphilis:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= treponema pallidum

Symptoms=
Primary- chancres on genitals
Secondary- rash on trunk and spreads to the rest of the body, muscle aches, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes
Tertiary- lesions on the genitals

Treatment= penicillin or axithromycin

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13
Q

Human Papilloma virus:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Human Papilloma virus

Symptoms= growth of warts on genitals, cervical cancers, pulmonary obstructions

Vaccine= Gardasil, Cervarix

Treatment= Removal of warts or topical cream. It is diagnosed with a Papsmear

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14
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome;

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Staphylococcus aureus

Symtoms= Gas buildup, inflammation, leaky drainage, blistered skin

Toxin= Exfoliative A/B toxin

Treatment= Antibiotics and clean the wounds

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15
Q

Impetigo:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Stap aures, Strep progenies

Symptoms= Patchy/crusty skin, similar to SSS. face lesions

Treatment= Topical ointment. MRSA is resistant to penicillin

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16
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Strep pyogenes, Stap aureus

Symptoms= Minor infection of hair follicle or break in the skin

Toxin= Toxin present in the bloodstream

Treatment= Broad spectrum antibiotics and surgery to remove dead and damaged tissues. Can result in amputation of affected limbs

17
Q

Gas Gangrene:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Clostridium perfringens (endospore forming),
-Froms anaerobic cellulitis and myonecrosis

Symptoms= Inflammation of deep puncture wounds, RBC rupture, edema, tissue destruction, gas buildup

Toxin= Multiple exotoxins and endospores

Treatment= Treatment and prevention are centered on rapid, rigorous cleaning and repair of deep wounds. Surgery or amputation of affected limbs. Antibiotics

18
Q

Burn infections:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Pseudomonas ariginosa (greenish color)
-2nd complications, and septicemia are problems
Symptoms= Burns

Treatment= Debridement of tissue daily until the skin is no longer infected. It is very hard to treat

19
Q

Chickenpox:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Varicella Zoster virus (member of the Herpesviridae)

Symptoms= Fever, rash with clear liquid, itchiness

Vaccine= Varivax

Treatment= treat symptoms

20
Q

Shingles:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= The VZV virus that was the chickenpox

Symptoms= Painful, localized rash, tender, persistent vesicles with painful inflammation of the ganglia for months

Vaccine= Zostavax

Treatment= Treat the symptoms

21
Q

Measles;

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Measles virus (Morbillivirus family)

Symptoms= Sore throat, dry cough, headache, conjunctivitis, lymphadentits, fever, Koplik spots, rash, secondary infections

Vaccine= MMR vaccine

Treatment= Symptomatic relief, reduce fever, suppress cough, replace lost fluids, and use antibiotics for secondary infections

22
Q

Keratitis:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Herpes simplex virus, also any other bacteria

Symptoms= Reactivation of oral herpes simplex virus 1, it travels to the ophthalmic. Mild pain and redness

Treatment= Topical trifluridine and oral acyclovir. Can be prevented with goof hygiene

23
Q

Conjunctivitis:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Caused by many species
-Neontal is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachoma’s

Symptoms=
Bacterial- milky discharge
Viral- clear fluid
Mild pain, redness and eyelid swelling in the eye

Treatment= Antibiotic ointment for a bacterial infection. Treat the symptoms for a viral infection

24
Q

Meningitis:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae

Symptoms= Photophobia, headache, painful/stiff neck, fever, increased leukocytes in CSF, inflammation of the menages

Toxin= Meningococcemia

Vaccine= NM- Merino, SP- Preener & Pnumovax

Treatment= NM- Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxarcinon. SP- Rifampin and Vancomycin. SA- Penicillin

25
Q

Tetanus:

Species, Symptoms, Treatment

A

Species= Clostridium tetani

Symptoms= Spastic paralysis, uncontrollable muscle contraction

Toxin= Tetanospasmin (binds to nerves, ACH)

Vaccine= Tetanus Toxoid. Child- Dtap & DT. Adult- Tdap & Td.

Treatment= Antitoxin therapy with human tetanus immunoglobulin and penicillin and supportive care

26
Q

Botulism:

Species, Symptoms, Treatment

A

Species= Clostridium botulinum

Symptoms= Double vision, difficulty swallowing, dizziness, muscular and respiratory paralysis

Toxin= Botulinum toxin

Vaccine= PVD

Treatment= Botulinum antitoxin and supportive care

27
Q

Encephalitis:

Species, Symptoms, Treatment

A

Species= West Nile Virus, Zika virus, St. Louis Virus

Symptoms= Inflammation of the brain. Confusion, decreased consciousness, seizures, similar to meningitis

Treatment= Symptomatic relief and supportive therapy. Avoid the vectors

28
Q

Encephalitis/Microcephaly:

Species, Symptoms, Treatment

A

Species= Zika Virus

Symptoms= Fever, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis. Birth defects are microcephaly

Treatment= reduce fever, treat symptoms and supportive therapy. Death in North and South america is rare

29
Q

Rabies:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Rabies virus

Symptoms= Encephalitis, agitation, seizures, twitching, spasms in neck and pharyngeal muscles. Hydrophobia. paralyzed, coma, death

Vaccine= Rabies vaccine given to animals

Treatment= Go to the hospital and get shot ASAP

30
Q

Pharyngitis:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Streptococcus progenies (group A0), *Cold virus (Rhinovirus). Can be bacterial or visual

Symptoms= Sore throat, fever, headache, lead to scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, 2nd infection in the kidneys

Toxin= Scarlet fever has erythrogenic endotoxin

Treatment= Erythromycin, treat the symptoms(virus), Penicillin (Strep A)

31
Q

Whooping cough:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Bordetella pertussis

Symptoms= Chronic/severe cough, congestion, runny nose, fatigue, fever, paroxysmal, vomiting and watery eyes

Vaccine= Kid-DTap. Adult- tDap

Treatment= Treat the symptoms, Erythromycin and cirthromycin

32
Q

Pneumonia:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pnuemoniae, Mycrococcus lubisis (fungi/virus)

Symptoms= Phlegm cough, pus, fever, chills, difficulty breathing, Fatigue

Vaccine= Pneumovax

Treatment= Treat the symptoms, Penicillin, respiratory therapy, Fluid IVs

33
Q

Tuberculosis:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Acid fast)

Symptoms= Chronic cough w/ blood sputum, fever, night sweats, weight loss

Vaccine= BCG (in other countries). Tests with the TB skin test

Treatment= Long enforced antibiotics

34
Q

Influenza:

Species, symptoms, treatment

A

Species= Influenza virus, frequent mutations

Symptoms= High fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pains, headache, coughing, fatigue, lowers immunity

Vaccine= annual vaccine

Treatment= treat the symptoms. Tamiflu

BIO 273 Lab (1 decks)

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