Lab 10 Sensory Organs Sp. Flashcards
Receptor cells located in sensory organs are often supported by other cell types. List some of the supporting roles.
- Defending of receptors
- Amplifying and modulating of signal
The adaptation of the changing environment can be divided into two parts,which?
Sensory side and acting side with a center in the CNS.
This adaptation is a neuronal process.
Which are the five adaptational steps that can be observed in the organism?
- Receptor activation
- Signal travels towards CSN
- Signal is processed in the CNS.
- Information reaches the effector organ
- Effector organ executes the order from the CNS.
Name the brain region that filters visual impulses?
The hypothalamus
Name the brain area, in which the information from the eye is processed?
In the visual cortex
The sound wave
Wavelength= frequency/velocity.
= f/c
What’s the main role of ossicles in the middle eat?
To send the sound further from outer ear canal to the inner ear, cochlea. (Vibration).
The hearing range of humans?
20-20 000 Hz
The field of vision differs in case of different colors. Why?
The color sensing cones are distributed unevenly on the retina
What’s Rinne experiment?
Demonstrates how the sound is transferred from outer ear to inner ear
Before reaching the receptor cells the light refracts in the eye at four borders, which?
Border of cornea, aqueous humour, lens and vitreous body.
List the three major components of the Accomodative triad.
Adaptable curvature of the lens
Eye movements
Pupil function
Which muscle is of importance when it comes to keeping the eye focused on the object?
The ciliary muscle
What happens to the muscle if looking to a distal point?
Ciliary muscle relaxes -> stretches the zonules.
- which makes the lens LESS convex(more flat)
What happens to the curvature of the lens if the focus is of a closer object?
Ciliary muscle stretched -> Zonules relaxes.
- which will make the lens MORE convex.
What’s the direction of the eyes coordinated by?
Extraocular skeletal muscles
What’s Divergent eye movements?
The axes of the two eyes are able to move away from each other
What’s Convergent eye movements?
The axes of the two eyes get closer to each other
What’s Astigmatism?
An optical defect where the vision becomes blurred due to the inability of the optics of the eye to focus
How can be visualize retinal blood vessels?
By sclera light
What’s near point?
The nearest point from which the light rays can still be focused on the macula.
What’s Minimal viewing angle?
The angle of two separated points, which can still be distinguished from each other .
What do we use Snellen charts for?
Determination of vision acuity
What’s field of vision?
The part of the outer world seen by the animal/human being.
What do we use to determinate Field of vision?
Perimeter
What’s the blind spot of the retina?
Where the optic nerve, retinal arteries and veins leave the eye.
- No photosensitive receptors are located.
How can we find the blind spot?
With a Marionette card or Perimeter.
Perimeter is also used for determining field of vision
Which are the three different cones of the color-sensitive photoreceptors of the retina?
Red, green and blue.
What’s monochromatic vision?
When the cones isn’t able to perceive certain colors at all
What can we use to test red-green color blindness?
Ishihara test
What is red-green color blindness due to?
Recessive alleles of X sex chromosome
What’s binocular disparity?
That there’s a given distance between the two eyes
What can we measure by Stroop effect?
The selective attention
What’s thermoreceptors?
Non-specialized sensory receptors,
that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature
Where the cutaneous sensation more accurate?
On palm, sole, lip and nose.
Describe Weber’s illusion.
The exact perception of certain objects is different on the different skin regions due to the number of receptors located in the given area
