Lab 1 - Understanding HIV Infection and Evolution

Question 1

• causative agent for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
• destroys CD4+ immune cells that stimulate other immune cells to mediate the host’s immune response

Answer 1

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Question 2

HIV

Answer 2

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 3

AIDS

Answer 3

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 4

what does HIV destroy

Answer 4

CD4+ immune cells

Question 5

stimulate other immune cells to mediate the host’s immune response

Answer 5

CD4+ immune cells

Question 6

materials used in lab 1

Answer 6

per group
1. laptop
2. internet connection
3. pop beads (3 colors)
4. nucleotide cutouts (4 pieces each)
5. scissors
6. masking tape

instructor
1. animation of HIV Life Cycle
2. AZT cutouts

Question 7

what does the HIV carry

Answer 7

single-stranded RNA genome

Question 8

surrounds the viral genome

Answer 8

capsid

Question 9

covers the capsid

Answer 9

envelope

Question 10

bind with a receptor and a co-receptor on the surface of the target host cell

Answer 10

viral envelope proteins

Question 11

receptor and co-receptor of host cell

Answer 11

• CD4 receptor
• chemokine CCR5 receptor

Question 12

components of HIV virus

Answer 12

• envelope
• capsid
• 2 single-stranded RNA
• reverse transcriptase
• integrase

Question 13

3 stages in HIV cycle

Answer 13

1. assembly
2. budding
3. maturation

Question 14

• viral proteins with sugars attached to them
• typically bind to receptors on the membrane of a host cell

Answer 14

glycoproteins

Question 15

viruses that do not bud from the host cell membrane do not have an envelope

Answer 15

naked / nonenveloped

Question 16

naked virsuses only have __ surrounding their genetic material

Answer 16

capsid

Question 17

passing of virus from one host to another

Answer 17

transmission

Question 18

virus that is transmitted from an animal to humans

Answer 18

zoonotic virus

Question 19

intermediate organism of viruses

Answer 19

vector

Question 20

some examples of vectors

Answer 20

• mosquitoes
• ticks

Question 21

genetic material of viruses that encodes one or more proteins

Answer 21

viral genome

Question 22

RNA sense strands

Answer 22

• positive-sense RNA
• negative-sense RNA

Question 23

RNA that can be translated directly into protein

Answer 23

(+)RNA

Question 24

RNA which needs to be transcribed into a complementary (+)RNA strand first

Answer 24

(-)RNA

Question 25

types of viral genome structure

Answer 25

1. linear
2. circular
3. segmented

Question 26

substance that, when taken into the body, should induce a protective immune response to a virus

Answer 26

vaccine

Question 27

two steps that distinguish retroviruses from other viruses

Answer 27

1. reverse transcription
2. integration

Question 28

makes HIV infection a treatable chronic disease rather than a terminal illness

Answer 28

combination therapy, or drug cocktail, of several drugs

Question 29

one of the drugs commonly used in the drug cocktail

Answer 29

Azidothymidine (AZT)