Lab 1 Test 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the Structure and Shape of human body parts.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of the Function of body parts.

Question 3

Level of Organization in Human Body

Answer 3

Atom-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organism

Question 4

Anatomical Position

Answer 4

standing erect, hands at sides, palms facing forward, feet together facing forward.

Question 5

Why is Anatomical Position used?

Answer 5

point of referance, reduces mistakes, universally used in healthcare.

Question 6

Superior

Answer 6

toward the head

Question 7

Inferior

Answer 7

away from the head

Question 8

Anterior/Ventral

Answer 8

toward the face, front, belly side of body

Question 9

Posterior/Dorsal

Answer 9

away from the face, toward the backside

Question 10

Medial

Answer 10

toward the midline of body

Question 11

Lateral

Answer 11

away from midline of body

Question 12

Distal

Answer 12

farther from the point of attachment of a limb

Question 13

Proximal

Answer 13

closer to the point of attachment of a limb

Question 14

Deep

Answer 14

toward organs, farther from the surface

Question 15

Superficial

Answer 15

toward the surface of the body or structure (skin)

Question 16

Sagittal

Answer 16

divides body into left and right portions

Question 17

Midsagittal

Answer 17

divides body into EQUAL left & righ halves

Question 18

Transverse/Horizontal

Answer 18

divides body into Superior & Inferior portions

Question 19

Frontal/Coronal

Answer 19

divides body into anterior & posterior portions

Question 20

Ventrral Body Cavity

Answer 20

found on the anterior side of body, contains Thoracic Cavity & Abdominopelvic Cavity

Question 21

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 21

contains Heart & Lungs, formed by ribcage

Question 22

Diaphragm

Answer 22

breathing muscle, separates the thoracic from the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 23

Mediastinum

Answer 23

middle area of the thoracic cavity, contains Heart, Esophagus and Trachea

Question 24

Pleural Cavity

Answer 24

houses Lungs

Question 25

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 25

houses Heart

Question 26

What separtes the pleural cavities?

Answer 26

mediastinum

Question 27

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 27

no bones protect this area, except pelvic bone.

Question 28

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 28

contains the gastrointestinal (GI) system

Question 29

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 29

contains bladder, reproductive oragans and some GI organs

Question 30

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 30

found on posterior side of body, contains Cranial cavity & Spinal/Vertebral Cavity

Question 31

Cranial Cavity

Answer 31

houses brain, skull forms protection

Question 32

Spinal/Vertebral Cavity

Answer 32

houses spinal cord, vertebrae forms protections

Question 33

Homeostasis

Answer 33

“same,standing still” maintenance of a constant internal environment, balance, dynamic equilibrum

Question 34

to maintain Homeostasis need:

Answer 34

nutrients, oxygen, water, body temp 98.6 F

Question 35

2 ways to maintain Homeostasis

Answer 35

Negative feedback

Positive feedback

Question 36

Negative feedback

Answer 36

“Output inhibits input” ; most hormones, maintenance of body temp, blood pressure

Question 37

Negative feedback example

Answer 37

input=temp outside
stimulus=bocy temp increases
sensory receptor=notify the brain of the change in body temp.
central nevous system=receives info, turns of effector(sweat glands)
motor nerve=carries message to sweat glands to produce sweat.
effector=sweat gland releases sweat as long as the motor nerve tells it to do so.

Question 38

Positive feedback

Answer 38

“Output enhances input”; blood clotting using platelets, oxytocin in child birth, chronic heart failure CHF

Question 39

Positive feedback example

Answer 39

Child birth labor
stimulus: baby’s head pushes against cervix
sensory receptor: notifies the brain
central nervous system: the brain(pituitary gland) releases a hormone/neurotransmitter Oxytocin
Motor output=Oxytocin’s target organ in the uterus, it promotes contractions to push the baby out. more stimuli to brain, the more oxytocin produced to promote uterine contractions, continues until baby is born.