Lab 1 terms Flashcards
abaxial=
facing away from the stem of a plant (in particular the lower surface of a leaf)
acaulescent=
has no stem (appears to have none)
Accessory buds=
a bud growing near and in addition to a normal axillary bud
adaxial=
the side of an organ facing towards the axis
ie. morphologically upper surface of a leaf
- opposite of abaxial and same as dorsal
adventitious buds
the formation of a plant organ in an unusual place
- bud arises in not a normal position
- lacks a vascular trace
adventitious roots
roots thar form from any non-root tissue
- produced during normal development or in response to flooding, etc (stress)
alternate-leafed plants
the leaves are single at each node and borne along the stem alternately in an ascending spiral
arborescent=
resembling a tree in growth or appearance
eg. arborescent ferns = would look like trees
inflorescence=
the complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers
the process of flowering
axillary inflorescence=
an inflorescence that arises from a leaf axil
blade=
the leaf of a plant, especially grass
= the flat or expanded portion of a leaf
bract=
a modified or specialized leaf
- associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis, or cone scale
bud=
small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a vascular plant that may develop into a flower, leaf, or shoot
buds arise from ____ tissue
meristem
caulescent
having a well-developed stem above ground; with a trunk
cladode
shoot systems in which leaves do not develop; rather, the stems become flattened and assume the photosynthetic functions of a plant
cladophyll
a flattened, leaf-like photosynthetic stem not bearing leaves or scales
T/F
cladode = cladophyll
give an example
true
asparagus
crown=
the total of an individual’s plant parts above ground
- leaves, stems, reproductive structures
decumbent
(of stems, branches)
= lying or trailing on the ground with the extremity tending to ascend
determinate
Determinant plants have a growth pattern where the main stem ends in a flower cluster, and once this cluster has produced fruit, the plant stops growing.
distal=
positioned at the end away from the point of attachment
frutescent
having the appearance of a shrub
(shrubby/ shrublike)
herbaceous plants
plants with flexible, green stems with few or no woody parts
indeterminate growth=
growth that is not terminated (in contrast to determinate growth)
- eg vines
lateral buds
ie axillary bud
= an embryonic or organogenic shoot located in the axil of a leaf
axil of a leaf=
the angle between a branch of leaf and the axis from which it arises
leaf scar=
the mark left by a leaf after it falls off the twig
- marks the site where the petiole attached to the stem
- typically found below a branch
leaflet=
a leaf-like part of a compound leaf
- resembles an entire leaf, but is not borne on a main plant stem, but on a petiole or a branch of the leaf
lenticel=
a porous tissue comprising cells with huge intercellular spaces
- gases are exchanged!
monopodium
the main axis of growth (eg stem/ trunk of a tree)
opposite- leaved plants
the leaves are paired at a node and borne opposite to each other
whorled leaves=
when there are three or more equally spaced leaves at a node
petiole
the stalk at the base of the leaf blade, attaching and supporting the leaf blade to the stem
plagiotropic
= growing at an oblique or almost horizontal angle
prickle=
a hard, pointed outgrowth from the surface of a plant, involving several layers of cells but not containing a vein
- outgrowth of the epidermis
- roses have prickles
prostrate
= a woody plant with branches spreading along the ground of lying flat on the ground
or
spreading along the ground for most of its length but with tips turning upwards
proximal
near to the place of attachment
opposite of distal
pulvinus
a swollen leaf base composed of tissues that conduct water surrounded by a layer of motor cells
- bends when pressure is applied
rachis
a stem of a plant, especially a grass, bearing flower stalks at short intervals
reticulate
net-like formation of veins, fibers, or lines that crosses something
eg. a reticulate lead could have a pattern of veins that resembles a net
rosette
a circular arrangement of leaves (or structures resembling leaves)
- usually sit near the soil in flowering plants
runner
ie stolon
a slender stem that grows horizontally along the ground, giving rise to roots and vertical branches at nodes
spine
= a firm, slender, sharp-pointed structure, representing a modified leaf or stipule
stipules=
a pair of small, leaf-like appendages borne at the base of the petiole in many plants
stolon
same as runner
striate
a fine line, ridge, groove, or streaks of color
(striations)
sympodium
ie sympode or pseudaxis
the primary shoot, comprising the stronger branches, formed during sympodial growth
branching along stems or hyphae
tendril=
a plant organ specialized to anchor and support vining stems
- may be modified leaves, leaflets, or leaf stipules derived as modified stem branches
tessellate
a checkered pattern on a flower petal, tree bark, fruit, etc
virgate
plants with wand-shaped erect branches or stems
ie long, slender twigs (produces many weak branches)
