Lab 1: Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora

Question 1

In Latin, Porifera means?

Answer 1

To bear or have pores

Question 2

Place these sponge forms in the correct order from simplest to most complex? Syconoid, Asconoid, Leuconoid

Answer 2

Asconoid, Syconoid, Leuconoid

Question 3

Of the four classes of sponges recognised, most species belong to which class? Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae, Homoschieromorpha

Answer 3

Demospongiae

Question 4

Feeding in sponges is best described as?

Answer 4

Filter feeding

Question 5

Sponge cells are totipotent, meaning that they are able to?

Answer 5

Can differentiate into many cell forms

Question 6

True or False Choanocyte cell are characteristic of sponges

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Describe features of sponge reproduction?

Answer 7

Hermaphordites all capable of reproducing sexually

Question 8

Which best described the flow of water through a sponge?

Answer 8

Ostia to Choanocyte chamber to Apopyle to Atrium to Osculum

Question 9

True or false: all sponges are marine

Answer 9

False

Question 10

True or false: All sponges have colloblast cells

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True or false: all sponges are filter feeders

Answer 11

False

Question 12

True or false: all sponges are eumetazoans

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is the skeleton of a sponge is typically made of?

Answer 13

Collagen fibers and spicules

Question 14

A sponge larval stage is called what?

Answer 14

Parenchymella larva

Question 15

Sponge body symmetry is best described as?

Answer 15

Asymmetric

Question 16

In Latin, what does cnidaria means?

Answer 16

An animal of stinging parts

Question 17

An Ephyra is best described as?

Answer 17

Immature medusae formed through the process of strobilation

Question 18

What is the largest Cnidarian class in terms of numbers of described species?

Answer 18

Anthozoa

Question 19

Cnidarian body symmetry is best described as

Answer 19

Radial

Question 20

True or False: All Cnidarians have a medusa and polyp phase

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Reef building corals belong to which class of Cnidaria

Answer 21

Anthozoa

Question 22

Some cnidarians have a hard skeleton. Are these exoskeletons or endoskeletons?

Answer 22

Exoskeleton

Question 23

Body support can be achieved in cnidarians by

Answer 23

• Hydrostatic pressure in the gut cavity
• Stiffened fibers within the body
• Secretion of calcified structures

Question 24

The larval stage of a sea anemone is called a

Answer 24

planula larva

Question 25

Cnidarians can get their nutrition by means of

Answer 25

- suspension feeding - predation - a symbiotic relationships with algae

Question 26

In Cnidarians the mesoglea is

Answer 26

A non-cellular layer between the gastrodermis and the epidermis

Question 27

True or False: Cnidarians are triploblasts

Answer 27

False

Question 28

The pneumatophore is

Answer 28

The gas filled float of some colonial coelenterates such as the Portuguese man-of-war

Question 29

True or False: Strobilation is a process of asexual reproduction

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Cnidarians have the ability to sense

Answer 30

light, movement, orientation

Question 31

True or False: All cnidarian nematocyst cells inject toxins into prey

Answer 31

False

Question 32

In Latin, Ctenophore means

Answer 32

To have or bear combs

Question 33

Ctenophores are diploblasts

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Ctenes or comb rows are best described as:

Answer 34

Rows of long, fused cilia used for locomotion in Ctenophores

Question 35

True or False: Ctenophores are mostly marine

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Colloblasts, unique to Ctenophores are:

Answer 36

sticky cells used for capturing prey

Question 37

True or False: Ctenophores have a gut that includes both a mouth and two anuses

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Ctenophore reproduction can involve a free living larval stage called a:

Answer 38

Cydippid larva

Question 39

True or False: Most Ctenophores are hermaphrodites

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Body support in Ctenophores is achieved by

Answer 40

Elastic gelatinous mesenchyme

Question 41

True or False: Ctenophores have a true body cavity

Answer 41

False

Question 42

Ctenophores have a cellular layer between the ectoderm and the mesoderm called

Answer 42

Mesenchyme

Question 43

Some Ctenophores have oral lobes that are used for

Answer 43

Capturing prey such as fish

Question 44

Statements of Ctenophore feeding

Answer 44

- Many Ctenophores have tentacles covered in colloblasts that are used to capture prey - Tentillae are smaller filaments coming off tentacles - Some Ctenophores have short tentacles and capture food using body mucus

Question 45

True or False: Colloblasts capture prey by adhesion rather than toxins

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The nervous system of a Ctenophore is best described as

Answer 46

A nerve net

Question 47

The apical sense organ is used for detecting

Answer 47

Orientation