Lab 1 (Mendel) Flashcards
Genotype
The set of alleles possessed by an individual organism
Gene
An inherited factor (region of DNA) that helps determine a characteristic
Allele
one of two or more alternate forms of a gene
Heterozygote
an individual organism possessing 2 different alleles at a locus
Locus
Specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele
Homozygote
An individual organism possessing 2 of the same alleles at a locus
Phenotype or trait
the appearance or manifestation of a characteristic
Dominant trait
traits that appear equally in both sexes and don’t skip generations (A genetic trait in which one copy of the gene is sufficient to yield an outward display of the trait; dominant genes mask the presence of recessive genes; dominant traits can be inherited from a single parent.)
P1 Generation
Parental generation
F1 Generation
offspring from P1 generation. Filial 1
F2 Generation
Filial 2. offspring from F1 self-fertilization = MONOHYBRID or DIHYBRID
Dihybrid cross
Corresponds to what Law?
PpWw*PpWw
Two heterozygous that cross = ratio 9-3-3-1
Two traits/genes cross. (NO HOMOZYGOTES IN THE CROSS ARE PRESENT)
Law of independent assortment
Monohybrid cross
Corresponds to what Law?
Pp*Pp
One heterozygous that crosses = ration 3-1
only one trait/gene crosses. (NO HOMOZYGOTES IN THE CROSS ARE PRESENT)
Law of segregation
Mendel’s laws
1) Law of segregation = monohybrid cross
2) Law of independent assortment = dihybrid cross
Law of segregation
2 Alleles encoding a trait separate in equal proportions when gametes are formed.
