Lab 1: Histology, Integumentary, and Neuron Anatomy Flashcards
What type of tissue is this?
Where Is this tissue located?
Epithelium Type:
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Location:
Epithelia lining blood vessels, and alveoli of lungs.
Function:
Reduces friction, controls membrane permeability, and performs absorption and secretion
What type of tissue is this?
Where is this Tissue Located?
Tissue Type:
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Location:
Surface of the skin, Lining of the mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, and vagina.
Function:
Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack.
What is this tissue type?
Where is this tissue located?
Tissue Type:
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Located:
Glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules, and thyroid gland.
Functions:
Limited protection, secretion and absorption.
What is this tissue type?
Where is this tissue located?
Tissue Type:
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Location:
Lining of some ducts (rare).
Functions:
Protection, secretion, and absorption.
What is this tissue type?
Where is this tissue located?
Tissue Type:
Transitional Epithelium
Location:
Urinary Bladder, renal pelvis, and ureters
Functions:
Permits repeated cycles of stretching without damage.
- *What is this tissue type?**
- *Where is this tissue located?**
Tissue Type:
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Location:
Lining of the stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys.
Functions:
Protection, Secretion, and absorption.
What tissue type is this?
Where is it located?
Tissue Type:
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Location:
Lining of the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and portions of the male reproductive tract.
Functions:
Protection, secretion, and moving mucus with cilia.
What type of tissue is this?
Where is it located?
Tissue type:
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Location:
Small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra.
Functions:
Protection.
Villi
Location and Description
Location:
Most prevalent in the mouth of the small intestine and become less common throughout.
Description:
Tiny hair like protrusions present in the small intestine that are responsible for increasing surface aera.
Cilia
Location and Description
Location:
Most commonly found in the lungs
Description:
Small slender like hair protrusions found on the apical surface of some cells.
Loose Connective Tissue
The type of connective tissue that joins nerve, epithelial, and muscle cells.
What type of Tissue is this?
Where is it located?
Tissue Type:
Areolar Tissue
Location:
Within and deep to the dermis of skin, and covered by the epithelial lining of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts. As well as between muscles, around joints, blood vessels, and nerves.
Functions:
Cushions organs, provides support but permits independent movement, phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens.
What type of tissue is this?
Where is this tissue located?
Tissue Type:
Adipose Tissue
Locations:
Deep to the skin, especially at the sides, buttocks, breasts. As well as padding around the eyes and kidneys.
Functions:
Provides padding and cushions shocks. Insulates, and stores energy.
What type of tissue is this?
Where is this tissue located?
Tissue Type:
Reticular Tissue
Locations:
Liver, Kidney, Spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
Functions:
Provides supporting framework.
Dense connective tissue.
Dense Connective tissue:
A type of connective tissue in which fibers are its main matrix element.
What type of tissue is this?
Where is this tissue located?
Tissue Type:
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Locations:
Between skeletal muscles and skeletal structure (tendon). Between skeletal bones or stabilizing internal organs (ligaments). Between skeletal muscles (aponeuroses).
Functions:
Provides firm attachments, conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction between muscles, and stabilizes position of bones.
What type of tissue is this?
Where is this tissue located?
Tissue Type:
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Locations:
Capsules of visceral organs, periostea and perichondria, nerve and muscle sheaths, and dermis.
Functions:
Provides strength to resist force in multiple directions, helps prevent over-expansion of organs such as the urinary bladder.
What type of tissue is this?
Where is this tissue located?
Tissue Type:
Elastic Tissue
Locations:
Between vertebrae of the spinal column, ligaments supporting penis, ligaments supporting transitional epithelia, and in blood vessel walls.
Functions:
Stabilizes position of vertebrae and penis, cushions shocks, permits expansion and contraction of organs.
Tendon vs. Ligament vs. Aponeurosis
Tendon:
Between skeletal muscle and skeletal bone.
Ligament:
Between two skeletal bones.
Aponeurosis:
Between two skeletal muscles.
Fluid Connective tissue
What are the components of blood?
Plasma:
The liquid portion of blood, contains proteins that help clot, transport substances, and perform functions.
Erythrocytes:
Also known as red blood cells that transport oxygen, and to a lesser degree carbon dioxide.
Leukocytes:
Also known as white blood cells are nucleated cells, which defend the body from infection and disease.
Platlets:
Membrane enclosed packets of cytoplasm that function in blood clotting.
Supporting connective tissues consist of:
Bone and cartilage
What is a Chondrocyte?
Chondrocyte:
The only cell in the cartilage matrix.
What type of cartilage is this?
Where is this cartilage located?
Cartilage Type:
Hyaline Cartilage
Locations:
Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum, covering bone surfaces at synovial joints, supporting the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and forming part of the nasal septum.
Functions:
Providing stiff but somewhat flexible support, reduces friction between bony surfaces.
What type of cartilage is this?
Where is this cartilage located?
Cartilage Type:
Elastic Cartilage
Locations:
Auricle of the external ear, epiglottis, auditory canal, cuneiform cartilages of larynx.
Functions:
Provides support but tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape.
What type of cartilage is this?
Where is this cartilage located?
Cartilage Type:
Fibrocartilage Cartilage
Locations:
Pads within knee joint, between pubic bones of pelvis, and intervertebral discs.
Functions:
Resists compression, prevents bone to bone contact, and limits movement.
Osteocytes
Osteocytes:
A bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone.
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts:
A cell that produces the fiber and matrix of bone.
Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts:
A cell responsible for the dissolving of the fibers and matrix of bone.
Canaliculi
Canaliculi:
A small channel that permits the diffusion of nutrients and waste to and from osteocytes.
Periosteum
Periosteum:
The layer that surrounds a bone consisting of an outer fibrous region and an inner cellular region.
Compact Bone
Compact Bone:
Dense bone that contains parallel osteons. Or, the outer most layer of the bone.
Spongy Bone
Spongy Bone:
Bone that consists of an open network of struts and plates, resembles a 3-D Garden lattice appearance.
What type of Muscle Tissue is this?
How does this muscle tissue contract?
Muscle Type:
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Description:
Cells are long, cylindrical, striated, and multi nucleated.
Contraction Type:
Concentric: The muscle tension rises to meet the resistance, then remains stable as the muscle shortens.
What type of muscle tissue is this?
What type of contraction foes this muscle experience?
Muscle Tissue Type:
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Description:
Cells are short, branched, and striated, usually within a single nucleus, cells are interconnected by an intercalated disc.
Contraction Type:
Rhythmic and Involuntary
What type of muscle tissue is this?
What type of contraction does this muscle tissue experience?
Muscle Tissue Type:
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Description:
Cells are short, spindle shaped, and non striated, within a single central nucleus.
Muscle Contraction Type:
Phasically with rapid contraction and relaxation, or Tonically with slow and sustained contraction
Label each part of the Neuron.
1: Axon
2: Axon Hillock
3: Dendrites
4: Nucleus
5: perikaryon
6: Postsynaptic cell
7: Synaptic Cleft
8: Synaptic Knob
9: Telodendria
Myelin Sheath
What are the cell types that are responsible for creating the myelin sheath?
Myelin Sheath:
The protein coating surrounding the axon.
Oligodendrocytes:
The glial cell responsible for creating Myelin in the central nervous system (CNS).
Schwan Cells:
The glial cell responsible for creating myelin in the peripheral Nervous system (PNS).
Name the 7 layers of skin.
1: Stratum Corneum (Can)
2. Stratum Lucidum (Lucy)
3. Stratum Granulosum (Get)
4: Stratum Spinosum (Some)
5: Stratum Basale of germinativum (Good)
6: Basal Lamina (Bomb)
7: Dermal Papillae (Dick)
Name these accessory structures
1: Apocrine Sweat Gland (Think of Green apple)
2: Arrector Pili Muscle
3: Artery
5: Nerve
6: Lamellated Corpuscle
7: Merocrine Sweat Gland
8: Papillary Plexus
9: Pore of Sweat Galnd
10: Ruffini Corpuscle
11: Sebaceous Gland
12: Vein
Name all of these structures
1: Root Hair Plexus /Hair Papilla
2: Arrector Pili Muscle
3: Hair Root
4: Hair Shaft
5: Hair Follicle
6: Hair Bulb
7: Medulla or Hair Shaft
8: Cortex or Hair shaft
9: Cuticle
10: Internal Root Sheath
11: External Root Sheath
12: Glassy Membrane
13: Connective tissue sheath
