Lab 1: Eye Exam and Selected Conditions

Question 1

What is Leukocoria in the eye and may indicate what?

Answer 1

• White reflex
• Serious pathology, most commonly = congenital cataracts
• May also indicate RB, retinal detachment, or others…

Question 2

Differentiate exotropia vs. esotropia vs. hypotropia vs. hypertopia of the eyes.

Answer 2

• Exotropia = lateral straibismus
• Esotropia = medial straibismus
• Hypotropia = caudad strabismus
• Hypertropia = cephalad strabismus

Question 3

What is the cover/uncover test of the eyes used to identify?

Answer 3

• Weakness of EOM
• Eyes should remain synchronous; watch for drift as eye is uncovered

Question 4

How does Hering’s Law apply to 1’ and 2’ deviation of the eye in a LR palsy?

Answer 4

2’ deviation is greater than 1’ deviation

Question 5

Anisocoria refers to?

Answer 5

Unequal size of pupils

Question 6

Fluorescein stain of eye is used to identify what type of defect?

Performed after what?

Answer 6

• Epithelial defect
• Only AFTER complete screening exam: acuity, EOM, etc

Question 7

What is Pterygium of eye and is due to what?

Answer 7

Benign growth of fibroblastic tissue on eye due to chronic UV exposure

Question 8

Most common bacteria responsible for conjunctivitis in adults?

Answer 8

S. aureus

Question 9

3 most common bacteria(s) responsible for conjunctivitis in children?

Answer 9

1. S. pneumoniae
2. H. influenzae
3. M. catarrhalis

Question 10

A patient complaining of gritty or sandy feeling of eye(s), that started in one eye, but now is in both and is associated with a clear discharge is most likely what?

Answer 10

Viral conjunctivitis (most often Adenovirus)

Question 11

Bilateral redness, watery discharge and itching of the eyes is most likely what?

Answer 11

Allergic conjunctivitis

Question 12

Acute painful inflammation of the eyelid margins or the Meibomian glands is known as?

Answer 12

Hordeolum (Stye)

Question 13

Hordeolum (styes) are more common on which eyelid?

Answer 13

Lower eyelid

Question 14

Painless, rubbery, nodular lesion caused by a Meibomian tear gland obstruction is known as what?

Answer 14

Chalazion

Question 15

Chalazion’s are more common on what eyelid?

Answer 15

Upper

Question 16

Which pathology of eye is often associated with blepharitis and rosacea?

Answer 16

Chalazion

Question 17

Are Abx necessary to treat a Chalazion?

Answer 17

NO! Is a granulomatous process

Question 18

Xanthelasma is a common finding associated with what GI pathology?

Answer 18

PBC

Question 19

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye is known as?

Answer 19

Hyphema

Question 20

What are 4 causes of Hyphema of the eye?

Answer 20

• Commonly trauma
• Clotting disturbances
• Vascular abnormalities
• Mass effect from neoplasms

Question 21

What is Orbital Compartment Syndrome and why is it significant?

Answer 21

• Trauma leading to retrobulbar hematoma –> Medical emergency!
• Blood collection in bony confines of the orbit leads to increased IOP

Question 22

Pt presenting w/ progressive pain, diplopia, proptosis, and diffuse subconjunctival hemorrhage and chemosis should raise suspcion of what?

Answer 22

Orbital Compartment Syndrome

Question 23

Ophthalmoscope is used to examine what 3 parts of eye?

Answer 23

1. Retina
2. Posterior Chamber
3. Fundus

Question 24

How do arterioles of the eye look on funduscopic examination compared to venules?

Answer 24

Arterioles are brighter and smaller