Lab 1: Breath sounds, resp patterns

Question 1

N tracheal

Answer 1

• ou: face ant tranché, above sternal notch

- son: very loud

Question 2

N bronchial

Answer 2

• ou: over manubrium

- son: very loud

Question 3

N broncho-vesicular

Answer 3

• ou: 2nd intercostal space on either side of sternum

- son: not as loud as trach or bronch

Question 4

N vesicular

Answer 4

• ou: under 2nd rib

- son: quite, like wind through trees

Question 5

A bronchial

Answer 5

abnormal if this sound is heard anywhere other than over the manubrium

Question 6

Low pitched wheeze

Râle bronchique/respiration sifflante ronchus/sibilants

Answer 6

• exp only
• cause: mild bronchospasm, obstruction of airways due to inflammation or secretions
• son: deflating balloon slowly through pinched opening

Question 7

High pitched wheeze

Râle bronchique/respiration sifflante sifflement

Answer 7

• exp and insp
• cause: severe bronchospasm
• son: deflating balloon slowly through pinched opening
• may be loud enough to hear w/out stethoscope

Question 8

Fine crackle

Râle parenchymateux/craquement crépitants fin

Answer 8

• opening of atelectatic alveoli
• end of insp
• cause: alveoli opening up
• son: soft/quiet and brief, rice crispies-like

Question 9

Coarse crackle

Râle parenchymateux/craquement sous crépitants/crépitants rudes

Answer 9

• insp and exp
• cause: air trying to travel through secretions
• son: much louder than fine crackle
• may disappear or decrease after Tx and pt coughs out secretions, or a change in position and secretion moves

Question 10

Pleural rub

Answer 10

• end of insp, beginning of exp
• where: 7th rib
• cause: rubbing of pleural sheets (visceral and parietal) against each other due to inflammation
• son: crackle, rubber rubbing against each other

Question 11

Stridor

Answer 11

• cause: obstructed (chocking on something) or constricted (allergic reaction) trachea
• son: very loud high-pitched when person is breathing
• can be heard without stethoscope
• EMERGENCY

Question 12

Apnea

Answer 12

• absence de resp

- sleep apnea

Question 13

Cheyne-Strokes

Answer 13

• RP: cycles d’apnée (10-60sec) –> volumes et taux resp qui augmentent et diminuent progressivement
• causes:
  1. conditions causant une hernie rostro-caudale du tissus cérébral à travers le tentorium (subdural or cerebral hematoma, tumour, abscess)
  2. masses ou lésions destructives inf au tentorium (ex. hémorragie du pont, infarctus diencéphalique, tumeur)
  3. désordres métaboliques qui cause diminution généralisée de la fonction (ex. hypoglycémie sévère)

Question 14

Normal RP

Answer 14

12-22/min

regular and comfortable

Question 15

RP: bradypnea

Answer 15

<12/min

Question 16

RP: trachypnea

Answer 16

> 20/min

Question 17

RP: hyperpnea

Answer 17

> 20/min, deep breathing

Question 18

RP: sighing

Answer 18

frequently scattered/interspersed deeper breaths

Question 19

RP: air trapping

Answer 19

increasing difficulty in getting air out

Question 20

RP: Cheyne-stokes

Answer 20

varying periods of increasing depth interspersed with apnea

Question 21

RP: Kussmaul’s

Answer 21

rapid, deep, labored breaths

Question 22

RP: Biot’s

Answer 22

irregular interspersed periods of apnea in a disorganized sequence of breaths

Question 23

RP: ataxic

Answer 23

significant disorganization with irregular and varying depths of respiration

Question 24

Patron paradoxal

Answer 24

mécanisme inverse du mécanisme normal:

• insp: cage thoracique sort
• exp: abdomen sort