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A&P Lab II > Lab 1 Blood > Flashcards

Lab 1 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

a fluid connective tissue that circulates through vessels

A

blood

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2
Q

consists of cells and cell fragments suspended in a nonliving extracellular matrix

A

blood

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3
Q

arteries, capillaries, and veins

A

blood vessels

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4
Q

cells and cell fragments are collectively called

A

formed elements

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5
Q

nonliving extracellular matrix

A

plasma

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6
Q

formed elements of blood

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

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7
Q

erythrocytes, produced in the red bone marrow

A

red blood cells

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8
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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9
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets

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10
Q

sticky, opaque fluid that varies in color depending on the amount of oxygen it contains

A

blood

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11
Q

bright, scarlet red blood

A

oxygen-rich

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12
Q

dark red blood

A

oxygen-poor

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13
Q
  • fluid is relatively viscous (5x more than water)

- slightly alkaline pH ranging from 7.35-7.45

A

blood

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14
Q
  • largest, lightest component of blood
  • 55% of blood volume
  • more than 100 substances found in it including proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, wastes, and respiratory gases
A

plasma

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15
Q
  • thin layer beneath plasma

- contains leukocytes and platelets

A

buffy coat

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16
Q

-44% blood volume

A

erythrocytes

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17
Q

pigment that transports both oxygen and a small percentage of carbon dioxide

A

hemoglobin

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18
Q

a flexible protein associated with the cell membrane of RBCs that enables them to squeeze through the smallest capillaries

A

spectrin

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19
Q

five different types of leukocytes in order of abundance

A
  • neutrophils
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
20
Q

two major groups of leukocytes based on cytoplasmic granules

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

21
Q

granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

  • have dots or grains
  • name is based on the staining of granules
22
Q

agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

23
Q

non-staining cytoplasmic granules

-multilobed nucleus

A

neutrophils

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

24
Q

function primarily phagocytosis, and their numbers rise during acute infections

A

neutrophils

25
Q

have cytoplasmic granules that stain red with acidic dyes

  • bilobed nucleus
  • similar size to neutrophils
A

eosinophils

26
Q

increase in number during parasitic infections and allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

27
Q

least numerous of the WBCs

  • contain cytoplasmic granules that stain dark purple with basic dyes
  • large S-shaped nucleus
A

basophils

28
Q

passing through intact blood vessel walls into the surrounding tissues

A

diapedesis

29
Q

which leukocyte uses diapedesis through which it becomes a mast cell that produces a variety of substances including histamine

A

basophils

30
Q

a chemical that enhances the inflammatory response

A

histamine

31
Q

lack brightly staining granules

A

agranulocytes

32
Q

small cells in which the nucleus takes up most of the cell’s volume that play active rolls in the immune response

A

lymphocytes

33
Q

mediate the immune response via the production of antibodies

A

B lymphocytes

34
Q

act via direct cellular attack

A

T lymphocytes

35
Q

largest of the leukocytes

-have large U-shaped nucleus

A

monocytes

36
Q

through diapedesis, become macrophages that attack and destroy bacteria and viruses via phagocytosis

A

monocytes

37
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes

38
Q

large multinucleate cells located in the red bone marrow

A

megakaryocytes

39
Q

these are actually megakaryocytes

A

platelets/thrombocytes

40
Q

plays an important role to damaged blood vessels by mediating the process of blood clotting, or coagulation, to prevent excessive blood loss

A

platelets

41
Q

forming a blood clot, a multistep process that results in the stoppage of bleeding

A

coagulation

42
Q

involves a positive feedback mechanism based on the interaction of a variety of substances, including plasma proteins and chemicals by platelets and damaged body cells

A

hemostasis

43
Q

_____ is a part of hemostasis

A

coagulation

44
Q

a low level of oxygen in the blood

A

hypoxia

45
Q

a hormone that induces the bone marrow to produce more oxygen-transporting RBCs
-kidneys release this when hypoxia occurs

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

process of releasing called erypthropoiesis

46
Q

blood is removed from the body, reducing its oxygen-carrying capacity
-used by athletes to enhance performance due to increasing the blood’s oxygen when inserting the RBCs after the kidneys have released EPO to increase RBC production

A

blood doping

A&P Lab II (1 decks)

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